St. Sixtus (pollen field)
The Roman Catholic parish church of St. Sixtus in Pollenfeld in the Upper Bavarian district of Eichstätt is a stately Gothic building in the choir and tower and is therefore popularly known as the Juradom .
location
The church is surrounded by a high cemetery wall in the middle of the village.
history
Pollen field is an old Eichstätter clearing site . Until the secularization at the beginning of the 19th century, the Pollenfeld church was closely related to the Eichstätter collegiate and parish church of Our Lady, just as the place was subordinate to the Eichstätt city judge.
According to legend, the blessed Pollo of Rome brought relics of Pope Sixtus to Pollenfeld in the 11th century and thus founded a pilgrimage . The first church was built in 11/12. Century, so in the time of the Romanesque , built. At the main festivals there was a healing demonstration in 15 monstrances . When the church became too small for the pilgrimage, the church was rebuilt. The consecration of two altars is documented for 1382; by this time the exterior of the new nave will have been completed. Around 1400 the construction of a large Gothic choir and the redesign of the tower into its present shape began. In 1470 craftsmen from the Eichstätter Dombauhütte built the main portal on the north side.
In 1552 the church was plundered by the troops of Elector Moritz von Sachsen and robbed of its reliquaries , the basis of the pilgrimage. The destroyed side altars were not rebuilt until 1632. From 1805 to around 1876, a baroque high altar from the Maria de Victoria church in Ingolstadt stood in the choir.
When the medieval building stock including the sacristy (built in 1753) became ruinous in the 19th century , extensive restoration was carried out in 1876/78. The sacristy was removed again and, as it was before 1753, moved to the basement of the tower. The narrow Gothic nave windows were replaced by wider neo-Gothic tracery windows . The white nave ceiling was re-listed in wood as a flat ceiling.
When the church again became too small in the early 20th century, the nave was rebuilt in 1912/13, including the old longitudinal walls, by raising them by two meters and extending the nave by eleven meters to the west of the current transverse corridor. The simultaneously raised choir arch was supposed to bring the rib vault of the choir to better effect. The nave windows were again enlarged and provided with neo-Gothic tracery with slug panes with figural paintings. The portal, which was moved to the west side in the first half of the 19th century, was moved back to the north side. Only the lower part of the two-storey organ gallery was rebuilt with the neo-Gothic parapet from 1880. As access to the gallery and the attic, a dome-covered stair tower was erected, which juts out in the southwest of the church.
Building description
The church is oriented east-west.
The retracted Gothic choir in the east closes in five sides of the octagon. Slender, three-part tracery windows are installed between the three-tiered buttresses.
The groin vault rests on semicircular wall services, the consoles of which are adorned with carved foliage, heads and depictions of animals.
The tower on the north side is square and has six floors; it is closed by a pointed helmet .
The nave is divided vertically by the high, two-lane windows. The remains of the frescoes from 1430 exposed in 1915 were largely whitewashed again.
Also on the north side of the nave is the late Gothic church portal, a pointed arch opening that is richly profiled by valleys and bars . Attached tracery arches and sculpted busts of the church patron (left) and the Eichstatt diocesan saint Willibald (right) complete the portal.
Furnishing
- Choir windows: the north and south still show the original medieval stained glass. In the form of a tapestry, the passion of Christ is depicted on the northern window (around 1410) and the childhood of Christ on the southern window (around 1420) ; the middle window is from the late 19th century.
- Slender high sacrament house , five-part in the form of a late Gothic tower monstrance , around 1470.
- Stone reliquary shrine to the right of the sacrament house, originally located in the sacristy , today embedded in the choir wall, a "stylish complex" (Mader, p. 290) with double door openings.
- Gothic cross on the north wall of the choir above the sacristy door, supplemented by carved figures of the crucifixion group in 1988.
- Three medieval tombstones in the choir wall.
- Eight-sided baptismal font decorated with tracery panels (around 1570).
- Figure of Mary with child (around 1460/70), standing on a column on the right in front of the choir.
- Reconstructed late Gothic altar with the original late Gothic shrine figures (in the middle Mary and Child, on the left the Saints Sixtus II and Laurentius , on the right the diocesan saints Willibald and Walburga ; all "important creations" (Mader, p. 290) around 1520; the four saints can be seen again as a painting on the back of the altar wing). The wings are from 1880. The risen Christ, St. Peter and St. Magdalena, probably by the same artist as the shrine figures.
- Side altars in neo-Gothic style (on the left Mary Altar, right Joseph Altar ), re-carvings of the altars from 1882/1884; Established in 1988.
- Neo-Gothic pulpit from 1881; on the back wall of the pulpit St. John the Evangelist , painted around 1520.
- Nave window (1912/13) based on designs by the Munich artist Augustin Pacher (1863–1926) with figurative depiction of the 12 apostles , the holy bishops Martin and Nikolaus, and Mary, who comforts souls in purgatory (window of the Brotherhood of Poor Souls founded in 1504 Pollen field).
- Wall cross from 1881 on the south wall of the nave with a baroque Madonna and Child.
- Organ from 1979, by Georg Jann, Laberweinting , with neo-Gothic case.
literature
- Felix Mader (arr.): The art monuments of Bavaria. Middle Franconia II, Eichstätt District Office . Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag 1928 (reprint 1982), pp. 278-296
- Karl Zecherle: Churches and monasteries in the Eichstätt district. Eichstätt: District 1983, p. 32f.
- The Eichstätter area past and present . Eichstätt: Sparkasse 1984, pp. 268-270
- The parish church of Pollenfeld. In: Bertr. Brown: Large community of Pollenfeld with its parts of the community. Erlangen-Spardorf 1984, pp. 193-143
- Kath. Pfarramt Pollenfeld (Ed.): Pollenfeld. The "cathedral" on the Jura . Passau: Kunstverlag-PEDA 1993
- Konrad Held: The "cathedral" on the Jura. Pollenfeld was a famous place of pilgrimage in the Middle Ages. In: Church newspaper for the Diocese of Eichstätt No. 71 of December 17, 2000, p. 24
- Herbert Wittmann: Families donated church windows. 90 years ago the nave of the parish church St. Sixtus in Pollenfeld was extended. In: Historische Blätter für Stadt und Landkreis Eichstätt 50 (2002), No. 2, p. 1
Web links
Coordinates: 48 ° 56 ′ 51.8 ″ N , 11 ° 12 ′ 18.4 ″ E