Peacock anemone

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Peacock anemone
Peacock anemone

Peacock anemone

Systematics
Order : Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family : Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Subfamily : Ranunculoideae
Tribe : Anemoneae
Genre : Anemone ( Anemone )
Type : Peacock anemone
Scientific name
Anemone pavonina
Lam.

The Peacock Anemone ( Anemone pavonina ) is a controversial taxonomic species from the genus of Anemone ( Anemone ) within the family of Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae). The species is occasionally cultivated as a garden flower in Central Europe .

features

It is a herbaceous, perennial shrub with a hibernating, bulbous rhizome, it reaches a height of about 30 centimeters. In addition to a basal leaf rosette, there is a whorl made of three leaves sitting on a simple and undivided stem, these are sessile. The basal foliage leaves are little divided or lobed with broad sections, the stem leaves almost always undivided and linear-lanceolate in shape. The eye-catching flower shell is simple ( perigon ) without a calyx. It consists of seven to eleven, usually eight or nine broadly elliptical bracts. These are colored scarlet, purple or pink (rarely white) on top, often with a yellow base. The underside is a little lighter. The partial fruits or fruits ( achenes ) are densely woolly hairy, with hair lengths up to about 5 millimeters. Their stylus is at least as long as the body.

The species is very similar to the star anemone ( Anemone hortensis ) and, in the opinion of many taxonomists, con- specific to this species. The main distinguishing feature is the formation of the flower envelope. Here Anemone owns hortensis s. st. 12 to 19, narrower, perianth leaves, in Anemone pavonina there are only 7 to 11 (very rarely 12) somewhat wider.

distribution

The peacock anemone grows in the Mediterranean region , from southwest France ( Landes and hill country at the foot of the Pyrenees) in the west to Turkey in the east. It also occurs in the Mediterranean North Africa. In the more western regions, such as Tuscany, it is probably only overgrown from culture. Only the eastern Mediterranean deposits, on the Balkan Peninsula and in Asia Minor, are certainly unspoilt .

Pollinators

A study in Greece showed that the color morph with red colored flowers, which occurs preferentially in lower altitudes, is mainly visited by beetles of the genus Pygopleurus (family Glaphyridae ). The red flowers only reflect in the visible area, without any UV component. The purple and white flowers of the higher altitudes, on the other hand, are preferred by honey bees . Your flowers also show clear reflection in the UV range.

Use in the garden

The peacock anemone is occasionally used as a garden shrub. There are variants with double flowers.

Taxonomy

Anemone pavonina belongs to the genus Anemone , subgenus Anemone . It is listed by various authors in either the Eriocephalus or Anemone subsection , predominantly in the second. Closely related species are Anemone hortensis and Anemone coronaria , the crown anemone . According to the genetic data, the species consistently forms a clade with Anemone hortensis in all analyzes . Some authors, according to Friedrich Ehrendorfer and colleagues, include them in this way; Ziman and colleagues for the Balkans also followed this view. Others, especially Sara B. Hoot and colleagues, maintain the species status for the clan with basically identical relationships. Sometimes it is called anemone hortensis var. Pavonina (Lam.) Gren. & Godr. understood as a variety of the star anemone.

Web links

Commons : Peacock Anemone ( Anemone pavonina )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b T.G. Tutin (revised by AO Chater): Anemone L. In TG Tutin (editor): Flora Europaea. Volume 1: Psilotaceae to Platanaceae. Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 978-0-5214-1007-6 , pp. 262-263.
  2. ↑ a b Eckehardt J. Jäger, Friedrich Ebel, Peter Hanelt, Gerd K. Müller (editor): Rothmaler excursion flora from Germany. Volume 5: Herbaceous ornamental and useful plants. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8274-0918-8 , p. 136.
  3. ↑ Peter Schönfelder and Ingrid Schönfelder: What is in bloom on the Mediterranean? Kosmos-Verlag, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3440145128 .
  4. ^ M. Adele Signorini (1993): Anemone pavonina Lam. (Ranunculaceae) in Toscana. Atti della Società Toscana de Scienze Naturali Memorie, Series B 100: 207-220.
  5. ↑ Nicole Sommer: When beetles see red: Investigations into red-sightedness and pollination biology in Mediterranean representatives of the Glaphyridae family using molecular-biological and ethological methods. Diploma thesis, University of Vienna, November 2010.
  6. ↑ Christine Skelmersdale: A Gardener's Guide to Bulbs. Crowood Press, 2012, ISBN 978-1847973764 .
  7. ↑ Friedrich Ehrendorfer, Svetlana N. Ziman, Christiane König, Carl S. Keener, Bryan E. Dutton, ON Tsarenko, EV Bulakh, Monica Boşcaiu, Frédéric Médail, Arndt Kästner (2009): Taxonomic revision, phylogenetics and transcontinental distribution of Anemone section Anemone (Ranunculaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 312-354. doi : 10.1111 / j.1095-8339.2009.00861.x
  8. ↑ Svetlana Ziman, Elena Bulakh and Olga Tsarenko (2011): Anemone L. (Ranunculaceae): comparative morphology and taxonomy of the species from the Balkan flora. Botanica Serbica 35 (2): 87-97.
  9. ^ Sara B. Hoot, Kyle M. Meyer, John C. Manning (2012): Phylogeny and Reclassification of Anemone (Ranunculaceae), with an Emphasis on Austral Species. Systematic Botany 37 (1): 139-152. doi : 10.1600 / 036364412X616729
  10. ^ Anemone pavonina Lam at Tropicos.org, Missouri Botanical Garden.Retrieved March 20, 2017.