Pepper Bolete
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Pepper Boletus ( Chalciporus piperatus ) |
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| ( Bull .: Fr. ) Bataille |
The Pepper Boletus or Peppery Zwergröhrling ( Chalciporus piperatus , Syn. : Boletus piperatus ) is a species of fungus from the family of Dickröhrlingsverwandten (Boletales). The yellow-brown mushroom is often found in coniferous forests and is considered a moderately good edible mushroom .
features
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Macroscopic features
The shiny and often cracked skin of the hat becomes slightly sticky and slimy when it rains. The hemispherical or cushion-shaped hat measures 2–7, in exceptional cases up to 11 cm. It is cinnamon or orange-brown in color. The dark orange-brown tubes are attached to the stem and sometimes run down easily. The angular tube mouths or pores become smaller and more compact towards the edge of the hat; they are darker than the hat. The spore powder is yellowish-brown. The stem of the pepper tube is 3–6 cm long and with larger individual fruiting bodies up to 12 mm evenly cylindrical thick, smooth, full and not infrequently curved. It has the color of the hat, but the base is lemon yellow, the strongly developed mycelium is yellow. The mushroom has thin, soft flesh. It is wine-red in the hat, but lemon-yellow in the stem. It smells pleasant, but tastes very hot and is reminiscent of pepper . The pores and the stem react to potassium hydroxide with a deep brown color.
Microscopic features
The spindle-shaped spores are 8-11 × 3-4 micrometers in size.
Species delimitation
The pepper boletus is primarily to be confused with the edible cow bolete ( Suillus bovinus ); The latter, however, is larger and more yellow and lacks the strong, pungent taste. The rust-red larch boletus ( Suillus tridentinus ), which is also similar to the pepper bolete, occurs exclusively under larches and has a ringed stem.
Ecology, phenology and distribution
The Pfeffer-Röhrling appears from July to October in the coniferous forest , in particular "mycorrhitic connected" with spruce, less often in the deciduous forest , preferably on acidic soils. The kind is common in Europe and North America; but it has also been found in Tasmania , where it grew under the Tasmanian beech ( Nothofagus cunninghamii ). In Australia and South America, too, the pepper bolet can now be found in coniferous plantations .
Systematics
The classification of the pepper tube in the genus Chalciporus is controversial. As with the genera Suillus and Xerocomus , some mycologists believe that they would all be better grouped under the genus Boletus .
Even within the genus, some researchers see some species only as subspecies of the pepper tube. However, it is argued that the substances responsible for the pungent taste were only found in C. piperatus .
The following varieties have been described for the Pfeffer-Röhrling:
- Chalciporus piperatus var. Amarellus (Quél.) Pilát & Dermek 1974
- Chalciporus piperatus var. Hypochryseus (Sutara) Klofáč & Krisai 2006
meaning
The sharp taste of the peppercorn is largely lost when the fruit bodies are dried or cooked. The alkaloids Chalciporon (C 16 H 21 NO), Chalciporonypropinat , Isochalciporon and Dehydrochalciporon , whose names are derived from the generic name Chalciporus , ensure the sharpness .
swell
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Hans E. Laux: Edible mushrooms and their poisonous doppelgangers . Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-440-10240-8 , pp. 21 .
- ↑ a b Chalciporus piperatus - pepper boletus. (No longer available online.) In: Pilzlexikon.eu. Archived from the original on August 28, 2010 ; Retrieved July 17, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d Frank Moser: Pfefferröhrling. In: Natur-Lexikon.com . Retrieved July 17, 2012 .
- ^ Susan Isaac: Aspects of tropical mycology: symposium of the British Mycological Society held at the University of Liverpool . Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-45050-0 , pp. 183 .
- ↑ Rudi Winkler: Kurzsporröhrling, Chalciporus . In: pilze.ch . September 2011, accessed July 17, 2012 .
- ^ A b Jens C. Frisvad, Paul D. Bridge, Dilip K. Arora: Chemical fungal taxonomy . CRC Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-8247-0069-0 , pp. 289 (424 pages).
- ↑ Chalciporus . In: Index Fungorum . Retrieved July 17, 2012 .
