Phalanstere
The Phalanstère or Phalansterium is one of the early socialist French theorists, reformers and utopians Charles Fourier invented (1772-1836) agricultural or industrial production and housing cooperative for in Fourier's theory Phalanx -called community of ideally exactly 1,620 members. These people should live, love, work and consume together there. Free love was part of the concept .
Charles Fourier's description of the (ideal) Phalanstère is based on the floor plan of Versailles Palace . The central wing takes over public functions, there you will find the dining room, the library, or the winter garden. In the side wings there are workshops and a hostel. Fourier called this phalanstère a miniature city. An ensemble with grandeur, which is intended to replace the petty bourgeoisie of the detached single-family houses, which at that time already filled the outskirts of the cities in large numbers.
Well-known foundings (and initiators) were among others
- 1832: the Phalanstère Colonie Sociétaire , today "La Colonie" in Condé-sur-Vesgre , Yvelines, France (Joseph Devay, A. Beaudet Duary, Charles Fourier), dissolved in 1836
- 1835: Societatea agronomică și manufacturieră in Scăeni , Romania ( Teodor Diamant ), dissolved in 1836
- 1855: the Phalanstère La Réunion near Dallas in Texas , USA ( Victor Considerant , Karl Bürkli and Jean-Baptiste André Godin ), dissolved in 1856
- 1920: the Phalanstère Villino Graziella in Minusio near Monte Verità above Ascona , Switzerland ( Margarethe Faas-Hardegger ), dissolved in 1964.
Were designed based on Fourier's model
- 1859: the Familistère Godin in Guise , Aisne, France (Jean-Baptiste André Godin)
- 1887: the Familistère Godin on the Willebroek Canal in Brussels , Belgium (Jean-Baptiste André Godin)
The preceding year refers to the date of establishment.
literature
- Mathieu Briancourt: Visite au Phalanstère , Librairie Phalanstérienne, 1848 Paris
- Auguste Savardan: Naufrage au Texas. Observations et impressions recueillies pendant deux ans et demi au Texas et à travers les Etats-Unis d'Amérique , Garnier Frères, 1858 Paris
Web links
- Le Phalanstère rêvé , lithograph, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1847 (website of the BnF Paris)
- Les Métamorphoses de la Colonie History of the former Colonie-Sociétaire in Condé-sur-Vesgre (French)
- Le phalanstère achevé , lithograph with the view of the planned Phalanstère Colonie-Sociétaire in Condé-sur-Vesgre
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kenneth Frampton: Die Architektur der Moderne , Munich 2010, ISBN 978-3-421-03075-7