Victor Considerant

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Victor Considerant

Victor Considerant , born in Salins-les-Bains ( Jura department ) on October 12, 1808 , died in Paris on December 27, 1893 , was a French philosopher and polytechnic economist (doctorate 1826), supporter of Fourierism .

biography

Victor Prosper Considerant and not Considérant ("... there is no accent aigu on my e. For more than sixty years I have been trying in vain to defend my name against it!") Was a student of his father Jean-Baptiste, who is a professor in rhetoric at the college held in Salins. At the age of sixteen he came to the Polytechnic in Besançon , where he was introduced to Fourierism by his pen friend Clarisse Vigoureux. In 1826 he made the acquaintance of Charles Fourier personally in Paris.

In 1832 he was one of the founders of Le Phalanstère magazine and became its editor-in-chief. The publication of further periodicals followed: Destinée sociale in 1834 and La Phalange in 1836 . In 1837 he succeeded Fourier as director of the École Sociétaire . In 1843 the Canton of Seine sent him to the Conseille Général as an elected representative ; in the same year he founded the magazine La Démocratie Pacifique , which had great success. From 1848 he was a member of the Loiret department and from 1849 from Paris. In the Conseille Général he belonged to the extreme left and was the first to use the concept of the right to work . This term became one of the central ideas of socialism and the labor movement and was one of the core demands of the 1848 revolution. Considerant is also considered to be the inventor of proportional representation . He advocated direct democracy (also a term he coined) and the referendum as an important direct democratic instrument. In June 1848 he was the only MP who advocated women's voting rights .

In June 1849, Considerant led a demonstration against Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte , who he believed was breaking the constitution for supporting the Pope against the Roman Republic . Advertised for arrest, he first went into exile in Belgium and later in the United States , where he founded the Phalanstère La Réunion in Texas at the suggestion of Albert Brisbane ; decisive financial support for this came from Jean-Baptiste André Godin . After the failure of this Phalanstère, he retired to San Antonio , where his long-time friend and companion Clarisse Vigoureux died in 1865.

After an amnesty that enabled him to return to France, he joined the First International and supported the Paris Commune (1871).

In 1893 he died in Paris' Latin Quarter. His funeral brought together many socialists, including Jean Jaurès .

The French Ministry of Culture has declared 2008 the “Year of Victor Considerant” in honor of his 200th birthday. Numerous events took place, especially in his hometown Salins-les-Bains.

controversy

In his book The Federal Reserve Conspiracy (1995), the British economist and university professor Antony C. Sutton accuses the philosopher Karl Marx of plagiarism; he had parts from Victor Considerant's Principe du socialisme that were important for his Communist Party manifesto ; Manifeste de la démocratie au XIXe siècle (published 1843) used. This allegation of plagiarism was first raised by Peter Kropotkin in his work Memoirs of a revolutionary in 1899 , and later by UN Tscherkessow in Pages of Socialist History in 1905 and by Pierre Ramus in The Heresy and Scientific Lack of Marxism in the Area of ​​Socialism , Vienna-Klosterneuburg 1919.

Works (excerpt, chronological)

  • “Un pressentiment”, in: Revue des deux mondes, 1831, Volume 4, Pages 206-214
  • Destinée sociale, Paris, Libraires du Palais-Royal, Bureau de La Phalange, 1834, 2 vol., VII-558 p. And LXXXVI-351 p.
  • Considérations sociales sur l'architectonique, Paris, Libraires du Palais Royal, 1834, XLIX-84 p.
  • "De la question politique et en particulier des abus de la politique actuelle", in: Débâcle de la politique en France, Paris, Bureau de la Phalange, 1836
  • Déraison et dangers de l'engouement pour les chemins en fer. Avis à l'opinion et aux capitaux, Paris, La Phalange, Ducor, 1838, 93 pp.
  • «La Paix ou la guerre. À la France et au corps électoral », in: La Phalange, February 15, 1839, Paris, Bureau de La Phalange, 1839, 45 pp.
  • “De la propriété”, in La Phalange, June 1, 1839, Besançon, 16 pp.
  • "Contre M. Arag: réclamation adressée à la Chambre des députés par les Rédacteurs du Feuilleton de la Phalange (suivi de) La théorie du droit de propriété", Paris, Au Bureau de la Phalange, 1840, 80 pp.
  • Theory générale de Fourier. Mémoire de M. *** lu dans la 5e section du Congrès, le 5 septembre 1841, par M. Victor Considerant, pour répondre à cette question du program: «exposer et discuter la valeur des principes de l'École sociétaire fondée par Fourier », Lyon, Nourtier, 1841
  • Bases de la politique positive. Manifeste de l'École sociétaire fondée par Fourier, Paris, Bureaux de la Phalange, 1842, 218 pp.
  • Manifeste de la democratie au XIXe siècle, 1843, 100 pp.
  • De la politique nouvelle convenant aux interêts actuels de la société et de ses conditions de développement par la publicité, Paris, Bureaux de La Phalange, 1843
  • Petit cours de politique et d'économie sociale à l'usage des ignorants et des savants, Paris, La Librairie sociétaire, 1844, 52 pp.
  • Théorie de l'éducation naturelle et attrayante, dédiée aux mères, Paris, Librairie de l'École sociétaire, 1844, XVI, 194 pp.
  • Exposition abrégée du système phalanstérien de Fourier suivie de Études sur quelquesproblemèmes fondamentaux de la Destinée sociale, Paris, À la librairie sociétaire, 1846
  • Principes du socialisme. Manifestos de la democratie au XIXe siècle…; suivi du Procès de la démocratie pacifique, Paris, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1847, IV-157 p.
  • Le Socialisme devant le vieux monde ou le vivant devant les morts, Paris, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1848, VII-264 p.
  • Théorie du droit de propriété et du droit au travail, Paris, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1848
  • Journée du 13 juin 1849: simple explications à mes amis et à mes commettants, Paris: M. Lévy et frères, 1849, 69 pp.
  • Du sens vrai de la doctrine de la rédemption, Paris, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1849, VIII-89 p.
  • La Solution ou le Gouvernement direct du peuple, Paris, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1850, 63 pp.
  • Les Quatre Crédits ou 60 billion à 1½ p. 100. Crédit de l'immeuble, crédit du meuble engagé, crédit du meuble libre ou du produit, crédit du travail, Paris, Librairie phalanstérienne, 1851, 167 pp.
  • Ma justification, Bruxelles, Rozez, 1854, 47 pp.
  • Au Texas, Bruxelles: au siege de la société de colonization; Paris, Librairie Phalanstérienne, 1855, 326 pp.
  • De l'instruction gratuite et obligatoire, Bruxelles, Leipzig, A. Schnée, 1858, 56 pp.
  • Prédictions sur la guerre. La France imposing la paix à l'Europe, Paris, A. Le Chevalier, 1870
  • La Paix en 24 hours dictée par Paris à Versailles. Address aux Parisiens, Paris, impr. Dubuisson, 1871

See also

swell

  • The personal files of Victor Considerant and Charles Fourier are archived in the Archives nationales, under 10AS
  • Fritz Marbach : Victor Considerant, the utopian socialist and politician. A contribution to the history of socialism and the international. Bern-Belp 1915
  • Jonathan Beecher: Victor Considerant and the Rise and Fall of French Romantic Socialism. University of California Press, 2001. (This also in French: Victor Considerant - Grandeur et décadence du socialisme romantique, Les Presses du Réel, 2012, 640 pages)
  • Michel Vernus, Victor Considerant. Le Cœur et la Raison, Dole, Canevas, 1993
  • Louis Bertrand, Histoire de la démocratie et du socialisme en Belgique depuis 1830, Bruxelles, éd. Dechenne, 1906
  • Maurice Dommanget, Victor Considerant, Editions sociales internationales, Paris 1929
  • Jean-Claude Dubos and Michel Cordillot, article “Considerant” in the Biographies nouvelles. Dictionnaire biographique du mouvement ouvrier français, sous la direction de Jean Maitron et de Claude Pennetier, Volume 44, Paris, éd. de l'Atelier, 1997

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Louis Bertrand, "Histoire de la democratie et du socialisme en Belgique depuis 1830", Bruxelles, éd. Dechenne, 1906, Volume 1, Page 28
  2. ↑ https://archive.org/details/pagessocialisth01tchegoog
  3. ↑ Archives nationales
personal data
SURNAME Considerant, Victor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Considerant, Prosper Victor
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French politician
DATE OF BIRTH October 12, 1808
PLACE OF BIRTH Salins-les-Bains
DATE OF DEATH December 27, 1893
Place of death Paris