Philanthropist (Frankenthal / Pfalz)

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Founded in 1780, the philanthropist for women of Protestant religion in Frankenthal (Palatinate) goes back to the ideas of philanthropism .

The building of the Frankenthaler Philanthropin

Unlike the Philanthropinum Dessau , which was based on the ideas of Basedow and Campe and was an educational institution for boys, the Philanthropin in Frankenthal is a higher educational institution for girls .

history

With the support of the privy councilor Joseph Fontanesi and the permission of the electoral Palatinate government, Louise L'Écuyer from Neuchâtel founded an educational institute for girls of Protestant religion in Frankenthal in early 1780. From August 1780 this house of education was called " Philanthropin ". In everyday life, the Frankenthalers may have spoken of the "philanthropist". On the other hand, the files and parish registers consistently refer to the "Education House for Young Women" or the "Maison d'Éducation des jeunes Dames". The "Philanthropin" of Karl Friedrich Barth, which existed between 1777 and 1779 in Heidesheim, 16 kilometers to the west, was certainly well known locally thanks to its numerous connections to Frankenthal. And perhaps the cosmopolitan term was used to find a connection to the latest pedagogical developments.

After the founder of the school died on December 23, 1781, Esther de Gélieu and Rose-Marguerite Moisonnier, who also came from Neuchâtel, were appointed new heads of the school by the Palatinate government in 1782 , with Esther de Gélieu as the pedagogical director. In November 1782 , at the request of Joseph Fontanesi, the Palatinate Elector Karl Theodor recognized the institute as a state institution. The Frankenthaler Philanthropin is therefore to be regarded as the first state secondary school for girls in Germany. In connection with a dispute over the principles of education, the two women gave up running the school in late March 1786.

On April 1, 1786, Marie Anne Élisabeth Bertrand took up her position as a directrice in Frankenthal. It is said of her that she had previously turned down the offer to work as governess at the English royal court. Bertrand was born in Neuchâtel in 1752 and was the daughter of the geographer and Neuchâtel mayor Frédéric-Samuel Ostervald . In addition, she was the widow of Jean-Élie Bertrand, a reformed pastor, high school teacher and co-founder of the "Société Typographique de Neuchâtel", which as a (post / robbery) printer made a significant contribution to the inexpensive publication and distribution of important works of the French Enlightenment, including of the first part of the Confessions by Jean-Jacques Rousseau . Under her, the school opened up to Catholic students.

On the mediation of Joseph Fontanesi, Giuseppe Bonasegla († 1820), an Italian singer and musician, who later belonged as a cellist to the Mannheim orchestra , which emerged from the former electoral court orchestra, worked as music master . His granddaughter Henriette Spitzeder (1800–1828) became a famous opera singer.

The drawing master was the local porcelain painter Bernhard Magnus († 1798).

After the areas of the Electoral Palatinate on the left bank of the Rhine fell under French rule during the First Coalition War , Ms. Bertrand tried to keep the school running on the right bank of the Rhine for some time. Despite all the adversities of the time, Mme Bertrand tried to get the French authorities to take over the school. The school's property, especially the school library, was confiscated by the administration of the Département du Mont-Tonnerre (Donnersberg) and finally auctioned off.

Today the Karolinen-Gymnasium in Frankenthal sees itself as the successor to the Philanthropin.

literature

  • Hans Maisel: History of the Palatinate Philanthropist to Frankenthal (1780–1799) . Frankenthal 1889
  • Anna Maus: From Philanthropist to Girls' High School 1782–1957 , Mushakesche Verlagsanstalt / Franzmathes Verlag, Trautheim and Mainz 1958
  • Staatliches Karolinen-Gymnasium Frankenthal, Stadtverwaltung Frankenthal (Hg.): Festschrift of the Staatliches Karolinen-Gymnasium Frankenthal (Pfalz) on the bicentenary of its existence as a public school. Frankenthal (1980)
  • Anna Maus, Burkhard Abel: From the 200-year history of the Karolinen-Gymnasium. In: Festschrift 1980
  • Elisabeth Blochmann: The "woman's room" and the "erudition" , Quelle & Meyer, Heidelberg 1966
  • Lenelotte Möller: Higher girls' schools in the Electoral Palatinate and Franconia in the 18th century . Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2001, ISBN 3-631-36889-5
  • Christian von Gélieu: Le Philanthropin de Frankenthal. Origines neuchâteloises de la première école secondaire publique pour jeunes filles en Allemagne in: Elisabeth Crettaz-Stürzel and Chantal Lafontant Valloton: Sa Majesté en Suisse , Neuchâtel 2013, ISBN 978-2940489-31-2 , p. 308

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Mendel: Musikalisches Conversations-Lexikon , Oppenheim Verlag, Berlin, 1872, Volume 2, p. 129; (Digital scan)
  2. Gustav Bereths: Music History of Trier (1800-1850): The concert and the Voluntary Sector (= Volume 1), p 122, Schott Publishing, 1978, ISBN 379571317X ; (Detail scan)

Coordinates: 49 ° 31 '57.1 "  N , 8 ° 21' 28.4"  E