Philanthropist
Johann Bernhard Basedow, copper engraving by Daniel Chodowiecki
School scene in the philanthropist Reichenau, on the right standing the later “citizen king” Louis-Philippe as educator.
A Philanthropin or Philanthropinum is a school that teaches according to the principles of philanthropism , with the educational maxims of human love ( philanthropy ), reason , equality , naturalness and happiness .
history
The theologian , reform pedagogue and philanthropist Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724–1790) founded the first educational institution based on the ideals of philanthropy in 1774 in Dessau . The Philanthropinum Dessau became the model for a large number of similar schools, some of which were only founded after the Dessau Institute closed in 1793.
The Philanthropin in Frankfurt am Main developed into the largest and longest existing institution of this type, and at times taught up to 1000 students. As a school for the Israelite community, it was closed by the National Socialists in 1942 and re-established in 1966.
Well-known philanthropists
Map with all coordinates: OSM | WikiMap
| founding | Surname | location | Founding director | resolution | comment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1773 | Military school in Colmar |
Colmar , Alsace , France ( ⊙ ) |
Gottlieb Konrad Pfeffel (1736–1809) |
1792 | The military school was based heavily on the model of the Dessau School founded a year later and was occasionally referred to as the " Philanthropist Colmar ". |
| 1774 | Philanthropinum Dessau |
Dessau , Saxony-Anhalt ( ⊙ ) |
Johann Bernhard Basedow (1724–1790) |
1793 | The Dessau 'mother institute' became the model for a large number of similar schools. Today's " Gymnasium Philanthropinum " in Dessau has its main goal under the motto: School of human friendship . |
| 1775 | Marschlin Castle Philanthropinum |
Landquart municipality , Canton of Graubünden , Switzerland ( ⊙ ) |
Karl Friedrich Bahrdt (1740–1792) |
1777 | The Philanthropin developed from the seminar led by Johann Peter Nesemann in Haldenstein and already failed in February 1777 due to underfunding. |
| 1777 | Philanthropist Heidesheim |
Colgenstein-Heidesheim , Rhineland-Palatinate ( ⊙ ) |
Karl Friedrich Bahrdt | 1779 | The school was closed when the auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Worms, Franz Xaver Anton von Scheben , obtained a conviction of Bahrdt for heresy at the Reichshofrat . |
| 1780 | Philanthropist Frankenthal |
Frankenthal (Palatinate) , Rhineland-Palatinate ( ⊙ ) |
Louise L'Écuyer († 1781) |
Girls school. Today's " Karolinen-Gymnasium " in Frankenthal sees itself as the successor to Philanthropin. |
|
| 1784 | Philanthropist Schnepfenthal |
Schnepfenthal , Thuringia ( ⊙ ) |
Christian Gotthilf Salzmann (1744–1811) |
Today's " Salzmannschule " in Schnepfenthal, a district of Waltershausen , sees itself as the last remaining philanthropist in Germany. | |
| 1792 | Philanthropist Reichenau |
Reichenau , municipality of Tamins , Canton of Graubünden , Switzerland ( ⊙ ) |
Johann Peter Nesemann (1724–1802) |
1798 | From 1796 Johann Peter Nesemann ran the institute together with Heinrich Zschokke (1771–1848). From November 1793 to June 1794, the later “citizen king” Louis-Philippe worked under the name “Monsieur Chabod” as an educator at this school. |
| 1804 | Philanthropist Frankfurt am Main |
Frankfurt am Main , Hesse ( ⊙ ) |
Michael Hess (1782-1860) |
The school of the Israelite community was closed by the National Socialists in 1942. The school of the Jewish community founded in 1966 is now called " I. E. Lichtigfeld School in Philanthropy ". | |
| 1804 | Philanthropist Vechelde |
Vechelde , Lower Saxony ( ⊙ ) |
Johann Peter Hundiker (1751–1836) | 1819 | The school closed when the government of the Duchy of Braunschweig reclaimed the school building at Schloss Vechelde . |
literature
- Karl Friedrich Bahrdt : Philanthropic education plan . Eichenberg, Frankfurt am Main 1776.
- Bernd Feige: Philanthropic reform practice in Lower Saxony: Johann Peter Hundiker's educational work around 1800 . Böhlau, Cologne Weimar Vienna 1997, ISBN 3-412-07596-5 .
- Leonhard Friedrich (Hrsg.): Educational world - Salzmanns Schnepfenthal . IKA, Jena 2008. ISBN 978-3-938203-49-1 .
- André Griemert: Civil Education for Frankfurt Jews? The early philanthropist in the controversy over Jewish emancipation . Tectum, Marburg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8288-2400-3 .
- Simone Hornung: Johann Bernhard Basedow and his philanthropist in Dessau . Grin Verlag, 2007, ISBN 978-3-638-79515-9 .
- Daniel Schmidt: The educational state: the birth of the state school from the spirit of the Enlightenment . Nomos, Baden-Baden 2000, ISBN 3-7890-6774-1 .
- Karl Wassmannsdorff : The gymnastics exercises in the Philanthropinen zu Dessau, Marschlins, Heidesheim and Schnepfenthal . Karl Groos, Heidelberg 1870.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Swiss Teachers' Association (ed.): Swiss Pedagogical Journal . Volume 23, Zurich 1913, p. 290.
- ^ Gerhard Krause, Gerhard Müller: Theologische Realenzyklopädie . Volume 5, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 1980, p. 132, ISBN 3-11-007739-6
- ↑ Website of the Salzmannschule Schnepfenthal ( memento of the original from March 9, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed April 19, 2015
