Filipino Chinese
A Chinese Filipinos ( . Chin 菲律賓華人 / 菲律宾华人 Pinyin Fēilǜbīn Huaren Jyutping Fei1leot6ban1 Waa4jan4 or 菲律賓華僑 / 菲律宾华侨 Pinyin Fēilǜbīn Huaqiao Hokkien Huilipin Huakiao Jyutping Fei1leot6ban1 Waa4kiu4 or Tagalog "Tsinoy" which comes from two words: " Tsino "(" Chinese ") and Pinoy (coll. For Filipino )) is a person of Chinese origin who was born in the Philippines . Filipino Chinese form one of the largest minorities in the Philippines.
General
The Chinese in the Philippines have always been one of the largest minorities there, making up about 2% (1.5 million) of the total population of the Philippines, which is a relatively small proportion compared to other countries in Southeast Asia . However, after Thailand , the proportion of native-Chinese marriages is the highest in the region. Some studies have shown that at least 10% of the Filipino population is partially Chinese; Chinese immigration has occurred since the Spanish colonial era.
Most of the Chinese in the Philippines are from either Fujian (around 90%) or Guangdong (around 10%) and speak southern Chinese dialects, especially Hokkien . They are mostly business people with small or medium sized businesses that play an important role in the Filipino economy. Some own larger companies and are well known members of the Philippine business elite.
Most Filipino Chinese are city dwellers as the Chinese were banned from real estate until recently. Approx. 60% of them live in Metro Manila .
The Chinese in the Philippines usually live very traditionally and maintain old customs that are no longer upheld in the People's Republic of China . Children from marriages between Chinese and local people live more like other Filipinos . Most speak English and Tagalog very well .
Before President Ferdinand Marcos' Philippinization measures , Standard Chinese was used as the language of instruction in Chinese schools. Partly because of these measures, more and more young Chinese speak English or Tagalog among themselves .
Most Filipino Chinese are Christians and marry in church. The majority of them are Roman Catholics , with a comparatively high number being Protestants . Many Catholics still practice traditional Chinese religions alongside Catholicism, while Protestants tend to reject non-Christian customs. A minority still exclusively practices Chinese religions such as Buddhism , Daoism and Confucianism .
history
Trade relations between China and the Philippines have existed since around the 10th century . The arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines lured many Chinese traders to the Philippines, among other things because of the galleon trade between Manila and Acapulco , through which Mexican silver came to Manila to be exchanged for Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain, which in turn came to Mexico were shipped.
As a result of this immigration, there were many marriages between Chinese and local people and between Chinese and Hispanic-Filipino mestizos . Quite a few Filipinos of Chinese descent can trace their Chinese ancestry back to colonial times. A second wave of Chinese immigration came to the Philippines in the first half of the 20th century due to unrest in China. The third wave came in the 1980s after economic reforms in China. Unlike the first two groups, the third group is still the least absorbed in Filipino society.
List of known Filipino Chinese
- José Rizal - Filipino national hero with ancestors from Fujian
- Emilio Aguinaldo - Filipino revolutionary with ancestors from Fujian
- Tony Tan Caktiong - businessman; Founder of Jollibee
- Kimberly Chiu - Pinoy Big Brother Winner
- Corazón Cojuangco Aquino - Philippine President from Pampanga with ancestors from Fujian
- Teodoro M. Locsin - well-known newspaper editor
- Rodolpho "Dolphy" Quizon - famous comedian
- Eduardo "Danding" Cojuangco Jr. - relative of Corazon Aquino and well-known businessman
- Jose "Peping" Cojuangco - former politician and businessman
- Sergio Osmeña - former President of the Philippines, whose father was a Chinese man with a braid who came from Fujian
- Jose Mari Chan - internationally known songwriter from Iloilo
- Ferdinand Marcos - Philippine President and Dictator, Sino-Japanese Ilokano
- Román Ongpin - Filipino patron and revolutionary
- Jaime Lachica Sin - Archbishop of Manila and Cardinal with ancestors from Fujian
- Henry Sy - richest Filipino; Founder of SM
- Lucio Tan - second richest Filipino
- George Ty - Filipino industrialist
- Alfonso Yuchengco - Filipino industrialist
- John Gokongwei - Filipino industrialist
- Ye Fei - Chinese general
development
Unlike in Malaysia or Indonesia , where marriages between Chinese and native people rarely occur, in the Philippines it is not necessarily clear who is Filipino Chinese and who is Filipino with Chinese ancestry. The definition of who belongs to which group tends to be based on cultural criteria. A person of purely Chinese descent who no longer speaks Chinese is typically considered a Filipino, while a Sino-Filipino person who speaks Chinese and practices Chinese culture is more likely to be considered Filipino Chinese.
Filipinos, whose Chinese origins go back several generations, can be recognized as Chinese by name and, if necessary, by their appearance, but they are fully integrated into Filipino society. This is also due to the fact that there is no such strong division and no such deep rifts between the ethnic groups in the Philippines as in Indonesia or Malaysia . In individual regions of Indonesia, for example in the north Sulawesian region of Minahasa with the capital Manado , the situation is quite similar to that in the Philippines.