Phyllobius arborator
| Phyllobius arborator | ||||||||||||
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Phyllobius arborator |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phyllobius arborator | ||||||||||||
| ( Autumn , 1797) |
Phyllobius arborator is a beetle from the family of weevils and the subfamily Entiminae . The genus Phyllobius is an unusually species-rich genus, which is represented in Europe with twelve sub-genera. Phyllobius arborator belongs to the subgenus Phyllobius s.str. represented by 27 species in Europe.
The name of the genus and sub-genus Phyllobius is derived from ancient Greek φύλλον 'phýllon' 'leaf' and βίος 'bíos' 'place of residence'. The species name arborator ( Latin ) means 'tree gardener'. The beetle lives on the leaves of trees.
Characteristics of the beetle
The beetle is six to eight millimeters long and has green to gold-green scales on the top and legs. In old specimens, however, the scales are partially worn off.
The head is extended forward by a short and thick trunk, which is flattened on the top. It is already narrower than the head at the base. The width of the trunk between the points of deflection of the antennae is only slightly narrower than the forehead between the eyes. The wide feeler pits can be fully seen from above. The antennae are slender, but not particularly long. The first antennae is about as long as two thirds of the antennae and is clearly angled against it (kneeling antennae). The second limb is longer than the first, the middle limb is significantly longer than wide. The mouthparts are at the tip of the trunk. The upper lip is missing, the upper and lower jaws are exposed. The lateral eyes are hemispherical.
The pronotum is only slightly wider than it is long and arched upwards and spherically on the sides. It is strongly constricted at the base and at the front edge. It is significantly narrower than the elytra and moderately coarsely punctured (Fig. 4).
The elytra are largely parallel. The shoulders are clearly protruding. The elytra are mostly covered with scales. Long, almost upright dark hairs emerge from the bald spots in between. Together with the spherical pronotum, these form the best distinguishing feature for the species (Fig. 4).
The long legs are yellowish or darkened. They end in four-part tarsi . All legs are toothed. In the male, the fore legs are somewhat thickened and elongated. The claws are fused together at the base.
biology
The species lives polyphagous on various deciduous trees, occasionally also on conifers. The eurytopic species prefers moderately dry, cool spots in forests and on the edges of forests. In Central Europe it occurs frequently on hardwoods in montane and subalpine . It is missing here in the lowlands. It rises to the dwarf shrub level .
In an experiment it was shown that the beetles attack stressed birch trees more intensely due to increased nitrogen fertilization . In the case of mass occurrences, the animals can become harmful. Damage to sycamore is reported in Eastern Bavaria. In the Czech Republic, damage was found to beech and ash . The beetles appear there from mid-June to September. The strongest flight activity can be observed at the end of June and beginning of July. After their appearance, the females feed for about a week and then begin to lay their eggs. The eggs are laid in groups of about thirty eggs in a layer on the leaves of the host plants. After the regeneration feeding , further portions of eggs are deposited. A total of around one hundred eggs are laid. The females die after about four weeks, the males after about three weeks. After hatching, the larvae fall from the eggs to the ground. Their development takes place in the roots of various trees.
distribution
The species is distributed from Eastern Europe across Central Europe to France . The distribution area reaches the countries Italy , France, Switzerland , Austria , Hungary , Germany , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Poland , the Baltic States , Belarus , northwestern Russia , Finland and the European part of Russia . There is a new find from the Netherlands .
literature
- Heinz joy , Karl Wilhelm Harde , Gustav Adolf Lohse (ed.): The beetles of Central Europe . tape 10 : Bruchidae – Curculionidae 1 . Goecke & Evers , Krefeld 1981, ISBN 3-87263-029-6 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Phyllobius arborator at Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 18, 2012
- ↑ Phyllobius in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 18, 2012
- ↑ Phyllobius (subgenus) in Fauna Europaea. Retrieved August 18, 2012
- ↑ Sigmund Schenkling: Explanation of the scientific beetle names.
- ^ Lothar Dieckmann: Contributions to the insect fauna of the GDR Coleoptera - Curculionidae Contribution Ent.Berlin 33 (1983) 2, pp. 257-381 as PDF
- ↑ Klaus Koch : The beetles of Central Europe . Ed .: Heinz Freude . tape 3 : ecology . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1992, ISBN 3-87263-042-3 .
- ↑ Kula, Peslová, Buchtová: "Effects of nitrogen on the selection of food by Phyllobius arborator (autumn)" JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE, 54, 2008 (1): 17–23 as PDF
- ↑ Olaf Schmitt: Animal beneficiaries of the sycamore maple LWF current 72/2009 as PDF ( memento of the original from November 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ J. Urban: Harmful occurenc of the leaf weevil Phyllobius arborator on veech and other broad-leaved trees in the Zdar (Czech Republic) area Summary as PDF in OpenAgris
- ↑ Theodoor Heijermann: Phyllobius arborator (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) een nieuwe snuitkeversoort before de Nederlands fauna, gevonden op Amerikaanske vogelkers Entomological reports 67 (1–2): 48–52 as PDF ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: Der Link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
