Pierre-Joseph Picot de Clorivière

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Pierre-Joseph Picot de Clorivière (born June 29, 1735 in Saint-Malo , † January 8, 1820 in Paris ) was a Roman Catholic clergyman, Jesuit , mystic , author and founder of an order .

life and work

The youngest Jesuit

Pierre-Joseph Picot de Clorivière came from a family of merchants and sailors from Saint-Malo. At the age of seven he lost his father, at nine his mother. He was a stutterer all his life. After studying law in Paris (from 1753), he entered the Jesuit order in 1756 and was from 1759 Regens in the Jesuit college in Compiègne . When the Jesuit colleges were closed by parliament in 1762 and the Jesuits were expelled, he went to Liège , where he called himself Peter Pigot. He was ordained a priest in Cologne and went to London via Ghent in 1766 , where he called himself Peter Rivers. In 1767 he returned to Ghent as a vice-novice master and in 1770 went to Brussels as a confessor of the English Benedictine nuns. In 1773 he was the last new Jesuit to take solemn vows, shortly before the order was repealed by Pope Clement XIV on July 21, 1773 . From 1775 to 1786 Clorivière was active in pastoral care and writing, first in Paris, from 1779 in Paramé near Saint-Malo. From 1786 to 1790 he was head of the Dinan ecclesiastical college . When the French Revolution became hostile to the Church in 1790, he went underground and lived in hiding in Paris and Saint-Malo until 1801.

Order founder during the revolution

Encouraged by Adélaïde-Marie Champion de Cicé, who met for the first time in Dinan, and under the impression of the conditions during the revolutionary period, he developed the idea (for men and women) of a new type of order, whose members (priests and lay people) renounced habit and should live monastic coexistence in the middle of the world (possibly with family life and civil work). It was founded in 1791. The men called themselves Société du Coeur de Jésus (Society of the Heart of Jesus), the women under Adélaïde de Cicé Société des Filles du Coeur de Jésus (Society of the Daughters of the Heart of Jesus, today: Society of the Daughters of the Heart of Mary ). Archbishop Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné (1782–1802) approved the foundation at the beginning of August 1791 in Chambéry . In 1799 the Bishops in exile in London approved the rule of the order. Finally, Clorivière obtained his oral license to practice medicine in a personal conversation with Pope Pius VII on January 19, 1801. Four members of the Order of Men were killed in the September massacre in 1792 . The member François Cormaux (1746-1794) was guillotined.

Napoleon's prisoner

When Clorivière returned to Paris in 1804 from a two-year visitation trip through southern France, he was accused of being involved in the assassination attempt on Rue Saint-Nicaise on December 24, 1800, as his nephew Joseph-Pierre Picot de Limoëlan (1768-1826) was one of the Belonged to conspirators. He was arrested and served in Temple Prison from August 1804 to April 1809 .

Founder of the French Jesuit Province and death

After Clorivière had already been incorporated into the (only remaining) Russian Jesuit province in October 1805, he was in contact with the Russian Jesuit general Tadeusz Brzozowski from 1809 and was officially commissioned by him in 1814 with the restoration of the French Jesuit province. Although he was now 80 years old, he put all his work force into this task and in 1816 made a visitation trip through western France that lasted several months. He was supported mainly by his assistant Joseph Varin (1769-1850), who made solemn vows in 1818. In January 1818 he resigned for reasons of age. In April 1818, the co-founder of the Daughters of the Heart of Jesus, Adélaïde de Cicé, died. On January 8, 1820, he died suddenly and with no sign of illness at the age of 84.

The author

The stutterer Clorivière was a fluent writer. Numerous theological (including mystical) writings as well as extensive correspondence have been preserved from him, which have received increasing attention since the Second Vatican Council and the rise of the secular institutes .

Development of the founding of orders

The men's order of the Heart of Jesus died out in 1866, but was re-established in 1918 by Daniel-Marie Fontaine (1862–1920). It was recognized under papal law in 1952 and is now called the Institut séculier des Prêtres du Coeur de Jésus (Secular Institute of the Priests of the Heart of Jesus). The women's order was approved in writing in 1825, recognized in 1999 according to papal law and is now called the Institut séculier du Coeur de Jésus (Secular Institute of the Heart of Jesus). Both orders have been part of the Cor Unum family since 1996 together with other lay societies . Ruth Pfau was a well- known member of the women's order .

Works (selection)

Prayer and worship

  • Considérations sur l'exercice de la prière et de l'oraison , ed. by André Rayez and François Morlot. Desclée De Brouwer, Paris 1981 (first 1962).
    • (Swedish) Tankar om yttre och inre bön. Stockholm 2013.
  • Prière et oraison. Considérations sur l'exercice de la prière et de l'oraison , ed. by Yves Jausions. Parole et silence, Paris 2016 (language updated)

Texts edited by Chantal Reynier

  • La passion et la résurrection . Parole et silence 2000.
  • "Et Il a habité parmi nous" . Parole et silence 2000.
  • La Pentecôte du Seigneur . Parole et silence 2002.
  • Profile spirituel du chrétien . Parole et silence 2004.
  • Une pensée par jour . Médiaspaul 2012.
  • Prier 15 jours avec Pierre-Joseph de Clorivière, jésuite sous la Révolution . Nouvelle cité 2013.

More texts in newer editions

  • Henri Monier-Vinard (1877–1961) (Ed.): Pierre de Clorivière, de la Compagnie de Jésus 1734–1820, d'après ses notes intimes de 1763 à 1773. 2 vols. Spes, Paris 1935.
    • (Italian) L'esperienza di Dio. Touch intimate. Roma: Città Nuova, 1996.
  • Études on the Revolution . Fideliter 1988.
  • Études on the Revolution . Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc 1985.

Correspondence

  • Correspondance, 1787-1804 . Pierre-J. de Clorivière and Adélaïde de Cicé. Beauchesne, Paris 1993.
  • Lettres aux membres de sa famille de la Société du Coeur de Jésus et à diverses personnes , ed. by François Morlot. Fates, Troyes 1994.
  • Lettres de fondation . Editions franciscaines, Paris 1997.
  • Lettres de prison, 1804-1806 . Pierre-J. de Clorivière and Adélai͏̈de de Cicé. Beauchesne, Paris 1997.
    • (Italian) Lettere di Pietro Giuseppe de Clorivière a Adelaide de Cicé. Rome 2007.

Literature (chronological)

  • Johannes Sternaux SJ (1879–1941): Storm surge and weather lights. P. de Clorivière SJ A Jesuit life from an eventful time . Rauch, Innsbruck 1927.
  • André Rayez (1905–1979) and Louis Fèvre: Foi chrétienne et vie consacrée. Clorivière aujourd'hui. 2 vols. Beauchesne, Paris 1971–1973.
    • 1. Le fondateur et le maître spirituel
    • 2. Le pasteur
  • François Morlot (born June 10, 1921 in Chaumont, † March 31, 2006 in Troyes): La Sécularité de l'Institut séculier des prêtres du Cœur de Jésus. La Renaissance, Troyes 1972. (Dissertation of the Pontificia Universitas Gregoriana . Facultas Juris Canonici, Rome)
  • François Morlot: Pierre de Clorivière 1735-1820 . Desclée de Brouwer, Paris 1990.
  • Monique Touvet: Comme une source à travers le feu avec Pierre-Joseph de Clorivière. Un courant spiritual traverse les révolutions . CLD 1990.
  • Recherches autour de Pierre de Clorivière. Actes du colloque public of 18 and 19 octobre 1991, Paris . SIPS, Paris 1993.
  • Chantal Reynier (* 1955): Pierre-Joseph de Clorivière, jésuite. 1735-1820. Un maître spirituel pour aujourd'hui . Parole et silence, Paris 2001.
  • Chantal Reynier: Pierre-Joseph de Clorivière, 1735-1820. A mystique jésuite against vents et marées . Lessius, Namur 2014.

Manual literature

Web links
personal data
SURNAME Clorivière, Pierre-Joseph Picot de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Picot de Clorivière, Pierre Joseph; Pigot, Peter; Rivers, Peter
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French Roman Catholic clergyman, Jesuit, superior, founder and author
DATE OF BIRTH June 29, 1735
PLACE OF BIRTH Saint Malo
DATE OF DEATH January 9, 1820
Place of death Paris