Pietro Lorenzetti

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Pietro Lorenzetti: Polyptych by Pieve di Arezzo , 1320

Pietro Lorenzetti (* around 1280 in Siena ; † probably 1348 there ) was an Italian painter of the important school of Siena and the older brother of Ambrogio Lorenzetti .

biography

Little is known about his life, and the dates of birth and death are only guesswork. The idea that Pietro Lorenzetti could be identical with a certain " Petruccio di Lorenzo ", who on February 25, 1306 received payment of 1 Lira and 10 Soldi for a painting from the municipality of Siena, led to a possible year of birth around 1280, because at that time you only came of age at the age of 25 and were allowed to receive your own salary.

Vasari didn't even know his real name, but called him " Pietro Laurati ". That Pietro is the brother of Ambrogio Lorenzetti is known from an inscription under the now defunct fresco of the life of Mary on the facade of the hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena.

Nothing is known about Pietro's training. He is considered to be Giotto's successor , as he completed the fresco cycle in the left aisle of the lower church of the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi before March 1320 , in particular with scenes from the Passion of Christ, including the crucifixion . These paintings are considered his masterpiece because of the enormous and at the time revolutionary expressiveness of his figures and various other innovations; u. a. he is considered to be the first to paint a cast shadow and a sky crossed by falling stars .

Madonna dei tramonti ("Madonna of the Sunset"), fresco in the Basilica of San Francesco , Assisi

One of the few dated works is the polyptych by Pieve di Arezzo (see above), which he created in 1320 on behalf of Bishop Guido Tarlati for the church of Santa Maria della Pieve in Arezzo and which is still on site (without the predella ). In the contract he received, he was referred to in Latin as " Petrus pictor, quondam Lorenzetti qui fuit de Senis ".

On June 27, 1326 he received payment for some frescoes in the cathedral of Siena, which are now lost. A little later he created an altar for the Carmelite Church of Siena, which he provided with the following signature and date: " Petrus Laurentii de Senis me pinxit AD MCCCXXVIII [I] ". This altar was later taken apart and the parts were scattered in all directions.

In the 1330s, Pietro probably ran a workshop in Siena with his brother Ambrogio. In 1335 they worked together on the above-mentioned frescoes in the Hospital of Santa Maria della Scala in Siena. In November of the same year Pietro received payment (only several years after completion) for an altar panel in the Church of Santo Savino, the main image of which is the well-known Nativity of the Virgin Mary , which is now in the Museo dell'Opera del Duomo in Siena.

Documents show that Pietro Lorenzetti bought and sold land in 1342 and 1344 for the brother and son of the sculptor Tino di Camaino , and that his wife Giovanna was a sister of Niccolò di Mino Cicerchia, the general treasurer of Gabella.

His last surviving dated work is a 1345 fresco of the Annunciation with six saints in Castiglione del Bosco.

Since there is no news of any kind about Pietro Lorenzetti after 1345, he, like his brother Ambrogio and his family, fell victim to the plague epidemic of 1348.

Pietro Lorenzetti's role models were u. a. Duccio di Buoninsegna , Giotto and Giovanni Pisano . From Duccio he took over the figure representation such. B. in the reredos of the parish church of Arezzo , from Giotto he learned spatial representation and shortening and from Pisano the passion of the lecture.

Works (selection)

Hermit at the fountain of Elia , image of a predelle in the Pala del Carmine , ca.1329, Siena

Altars

  • Polyptych by Pieve di Arezzo , 1320, Church of Santa Maria della Pieve , Arezzo
  • Pala del Carmine (main picture: Madonna and Child with St. Nicholas and the prophet Elias ), 1329, Pinacoteca Nazionale, Siena (parts in museums in New Haven and Princeton)
  • Madonna Enthroned with Child and Angels , 126 × 83 cm, Museo Diocesano, Cortona
  • Madonna Enthroned with Child and Angels , 145 × 122 cm, 1340, Uffizi Gallery , Florence
  • Death of St. Humilitas von Vallombrosa , 44 × 32 cm, 1341, Uffizi Gallery, Florence
  • Birth of the Virgin , tempera and gold on wood, 188 × 183 cm, 1342, Museo dell'Opera del Duomo , Siena

Frescoes

  • Frescoes in the lower church of San Francesco in Assisi, before March 1320:
Stigmatization of St. Francis , Lower Church of S. Francesco, Assisi
    • Entry into Jerusalem
    • Washing feet
    • Last Supper
    • Capture of Christ
    • Flagellation in front of Pilate
    • Walk to the Calvary
    • crucifixion
    • Descent from the Cross
    • Entombment
    • Christ in Limbo
    • resurrection
    • Stigmatization of St. Francis
    • Madonna and Child between the Johannes d. Baptist and St. Francis
    • Madonna and Child between St. Francis and John d. Evangelists (so-called Madonna dei tramonti or "Madonna of the sunset")
  • Crucifixion , 1336–37, fresco in the church of San Francesco, Siena (together with Ambrogio Lorenzetti?)
  • Frescoes in the lower church of S. Francesco, Assisi

  • Entry into Jerusalem

  • Last Supper

  • Walk to the Calvary

  • Crucifixion , detail with Mary

  • Descent from the Cross

literature

  • Lorenzetti, Ambrogio and Lorenzetti, Pietro , in: Lexikon der Kunst , Karl Müller Verlag, Erlangen, 1994, pp. 317-319
  • Michela Becchis:  Lorenzetti, Pietro. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 65:  Levis-Lorenzetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2005.
  • Arduino Colasanti: Lorenzetti, Pietro . In Enciclopedia Italiana, Roma 1934 ( online version at treccani.it)
  • C. De Benedictis: Lorenzetti, Pietro . In Enciclopedia dell'Arte medievale , Volume 7, Rome 1996, pp. 884-892
  • Chiara Frugoni: Pietro e Ambrogio Lorenzetti , Scala, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), 1988 (Italian)

Remarks

  1. ↑ 1306 he is registered as a direct recipient of a monetary payment, for which an age of 25 years was a condition.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Michela Becchis:  Lorenzetti, Pietro. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 65:  Levis-Lorenzetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2005.
  3. ^ Chiara Frugoni: Pietro e Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian), Scala, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), 1988, p. 3
  4. ↑ This was narrated from Ugurgieri Azzolini in Pompe Senese in 1649 . Chiara Frugoni: Pietro e Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian), Scala, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), 1988, p. 3
  5. ↑ a b Elvio Lunghi: The Franziskuskirche in Assisi , Scala, Calenzano (Florence), 1996/2001, p. 130 (-132)
  6. ↑ a b Chiara Frugoni: Pietro e Ambrogio Lorenzetti (Italian), Scala, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), 1988, p. 16
  7. ↑ Elvio Lunghi: The Franziskuskirche in Assisi , Scala, Calenzano (Florence), 1996/2001, p. 132
  8. ↑ "The painter Peter, son of Lorenzetti from Siena"
  9. ^ Chiara Frugoni: Pietro e Ambrogio Lorenzetti , Scala, Cinisello Balsamo (Milan), 1988, p. 4
  10. ↑ Two corresponding figures of saints are lost. Michela Becchis:  Lorenzetti, Pietro. In: Mario Caravale (ed.): Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani (DBI). Volume 65:  Levis-Lorenzetti. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, Rome 2005.

Web links

Commons : Pietro Lorenzetti  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Lorenzetti, Pietro
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian painter and the brother of Ambrogio Lorenzetti
DATE OF BIRTH around 1280
PLACE OF BIRTH Siena
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: 1348
Place of death Siena