Pinisi
The pinisi (Indonesian pinisi) is a type of ship belonging to the Konjo people on Sulawesi . These ships are mainly used as fishing and trading boats in the waters of the Indonesian islands.
Construction
Pinisis are 20 to 35 m long merchant and cargo ships with a loading capacity of up to 350 tons.
There are basically two different types of Pinisi. Pinisis with elongated shapes and a relatively straight underwater ship are called " lamba ". Pinisi's mostly smaller design with a slightly curved keel, slightly concave stem and sloping stern with overhanging superstructure are called “ Palari ”.
Originally the pinisis were rigged with latin or sete sails . Since the 19th century , European-style gaff sails have been used on two masts up to 30 m high , like a schooner . An extra-long jib boom complements the rig . The lower part of the schooner mast is a two-legged or mostly three-legged one. The tripod is made up of three masts that are held together at the height of the spreader . Two of these masts stand with their feet slightly in front of this mast construction. A top patch topmast for carrying the top sail extended the mast. The gaff remains permanently on the mast. Your angle of attack is changed by a special case. The schooner sail is driven treeless and only expanded with a pole in aft winds. The gaff sails hang on the gaffs like curtains and are gathered up to the mast to mount the sails and then lashed down. (see photo: Pinisis in the port of Makassar)
The Pinisis are equipped with two rudders , which are operated by a helmsman each in aft winds . With On-wind and downwind only is Leeruder used.
The traditional boat building site is Tanah Beru Beach in southern Sulawesi. Teak and ironwood as well as Bangkirai are used as building materials . Because boat lumber is becoming increasingly scarce regionally, the boat building sites are now also relocating to other coastal areas of Indonesia and even Malaysia.
The body of the Pinisis is built using the clam shell method. First, the outer shell of the ship is assembled from planks and held together with wooden nails. Then the frames are inserted at a distance of about 20 cm and also attached with wooden nails. This process is similar to the technology used in Viking shipbuilding .
The following description of the hull corresponds predominantly to the appearance of the type of lamba called Pinisi. The front end of the ship is formed by a slightly convex curved or straight stem, which allows the bow to protrude far forward. The Pinisi has at the end of the stern often provided with large rear structures the transom . The underwater vessel is aft pulled up so far that the tail extends from the water.
Pinisis are brightly painted with a wide variety of pastel colors.
Modern pinisis have been equipped with engines since the 1970s, which means that the rig, especially the main mast, has been partially dismantled. The front part of the rig, the schooner mast, is often only kept on board because sailed ships are taxed more cheaply in Indonesia and because the gaff can be used as a loading crane (see photo: Pinisis in the port of Makassar). The vibration caused by the motors stresses the Pinisi hull and thus reduces the life of the ship. Therefore, adapted shipbuilding methods are increasingly used today. These motorized sailing boats are called "Kapal Layar Mesin" (motor sailer) in Indonesia or are also called "KLM" for short.
use
Indonesia probably has the largest fleet of sailing ships in the world due to the approximately 800 load-moving Pinisis (among other types of sailing ships). Many new pine buildings are now used to transport western tourists and are therefore equipped with the latest ship technology and comfortable interior fittings. You can find them u. a. in the ports of Sunda Kelapa ( Jakarta ), Paotere ( Makassar ), Tanjung Benoa ( Bali ) and Labuan Bajo ( Flores ).
Web links
- Article by Horst Liebner about traditional ships in Indonesia.
- Pinisi (Engl.) On www.indigenoussails.org
swell
- Neil Hollander; Harald Mertes, As long as they are still sailing Hoffmann and Campe, Hamburg 1983, ISBN 3-455-08758-2
- Michael Kasten: The Indonesian Phinisi (engl.)
- G. Adrian Horridge, The Konjo boatbuilders and the Bugis Prahus of south Sulawesi , National Maritime Museum, London 1979.