Brush-leaved water crowfoot

Brush-leaved water crowfoot
	Brush-leaved water crowfoot ( Ranunculus penicillatus )
Systematics
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
Order :	Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family :	Buttercup Family (Ranunculaceae)
Genre :	Buttercup ( Ranunculus )
Type :	Brush-leaved water crowfoot
Scientific name
	Ranunculus penicillatus
	( Dumort. ) Bab.

The brush-leaved water crowfoot ( Ranunculus penicillatus ) is a species of the buttercup family (Ranunculaceae). This aquatic plant belongs to the species group of the white-flowered water cockfoot ( Ranunculus aquatilis agg.) And is considered an "endangered species" in some German federal states.

description

The brush-leaved water crowfoot is an annual or perennial, evergreen aquatic plant . The bare, flooding stems with air chambers grow upright or lying down. The plant forms three- to five-lobed, semicircular floating leaves with a wedge-shaped narrowing at the base. The floating leaves can also be missing. Adapted to life under water, the plant has finely divided, hair-shaped water leaves. Outside the water, these collapse like a brush.

A few flowers emerge on the upper part of the stems and protrude above the surface of the water. The long flower stalks arise opposite the leaf base. With a diameter of up to 3 centimeters, the flowers are quite large compared to other water tap feet. The flower is five-fold. The five green, protruding sepals are 3 to 7 millimeters long. The five white, yellow at the base, obovate with a rounded tip, petals usually overlap and are about 10 to 15, in exceptional cases up to 20 millimeters in length. The flower usually develops between 8 and 20, sometimes up to 40 stamens , and nectar leaves are also formed.

The flowering period is May to September. The flowers form a spherical fruit head with 50 to 80, sometimes only 15 bald or hairy nuts .

The species is triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid or hexaploid with chromosome numbers 2n = 24, 32, 40 or 48.

Brush-leaved water crowfoot in the subspecies ( Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. Pseudofluitans )

distribution

The brush-leaved water crowfoot is native to the temperate latitudes of Europe up to altitudes of around 700 meters. It grows mainly in nutrient-rich flowing waters. The flow rate can vary from slow to rapid. The species needs sunny to partially shaded places and avoids acidic soils. According to the ecological pointer values of Ellenberg , the aquatic plant marks warm to moderately warm Central European maritime climates. It thrives in up to 1 meter water depth over sandy-gravelly, muddy soils. It is a character species of Ranunculetum fluitantis or Callitrichetum hamulatae from the association Ranunculion fluitantis.

ecology

The flowers are pollinated by insects or by self-pollination of the hermaphrodite flowers. The plant uses the very effective water dispersal to multiply .

In particular the subspecies Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. pseudofluitans can spread to such an extent in some rivers that it has a strong impact on the ecology of the river. It can severely impair the flow rate as well as the oxygen content. It then becomes the dominant plant in this area. As a result, the responsible administration in some areas has the plant harvested in order to avoid flooding. But even with slightly changing conditions, the spread of the brush-leaved buttercup changes permanently.

Systematics

Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. penicillatus : As a brush-leaved water crowfoot in the narrow sense. The leaves are usually longer than the distance between the stem nodes and it usually forms floating leaves .

Ranunculus penicillatus subsp. pseudofluitans (Syme) S. Webster (Syn .: Ranunculus aquatilis subsp. pseudofluitans (Syme) Clapham ): The underwater leaves of this subspecies are shorter or about the same length as the distances between the adult stem nodes . The outline of the leaves is inverted and the leaf segments are stiff or slack diverging with up to 150 ends. Floating leaves are almost never present in this subspecies.

Individual evidence

↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Pages 214-215, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 417 .

Web links

Commons : Brush-leaved water crowfoot ( Ranunculus penicillatus ) - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Brush-leaved water crowfoot. In: FloraWeb.de.

Brush-leaved water crowfoot . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.

Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .

Ranunculus penicillatus (Dumort.) Bab. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved October 20, 2015.

Thomas Meyer: Data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia )

Characteristics on "Irish Wild Flora" (Engl.)

Society of the brush-leaved water crowfoot at LÖBF NRW

Ranunculus penicillatus inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Listed by: Lansdown, RV, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2014.

Pictures: [1] [2] [3] [4]

[1] Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 8 (Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae). Pages 214-215, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6

[Oberdorfer2001-2] Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 417 .