Long pepper
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Long pepper ( Piper longum ) |
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Long pepper ( Piper longum ), and rod pepper called, is a kind from the kind pepper in the family of the pepper plants (Piperaceae). It is called pippali in Tamil / Malayalam and gave the entire genus Piper (German: pepper, originated from Middle High German phëffer ) the name.
Occurrence and history
Long pepper grows wild all over India , from the foot of the Himalayas to southern India, including Nepal. It is considered to be the first type of pepper to reach the Mediterranean and was known in Europe before the real pepper that is in use today . Alexander the Great is said to have brought it from India and introduced it to Europe. The Greeks and Romans imported long pepper and valued it as a medicine and spice. Long pepper was widely used in Europe until the 17th century, but then almost completely replaced by real pepper. Today it is considered an “exotic” spice and is often only available in special shops (such as Asian shops), but it is also available from large spice producers.
description
Long pepper is a climbing plant, at the nodes of which roots emerge. It has 4 to 9 cm long and 3 to 7 cm wide, entire leaves . The small dioecious flowers stand in slender spikes and are covered by shield-like scales. The male ears can be 5 to 8 cm long, the female only 2.5 to 5 cm. The latter are smooth, only the scar is exposed.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 52, less often 26, 44 or 60.
use
The kitten- like fruit bunches are harvested at various stages of ripeness and dried as long pepper and mainly used as a spice , but in India also as a remedy . Long pepper is about as hot as black pepper and has a slightly sweet and sour taste. It can be used as a full substitute for black pepper, but is more expensive than this. It is advisable to cut the fruit into 0.5 cm pieces with scissors. These can then be ground with a mortar or a spice grinder with a ceramic grinder and are very useful in the kitchen.
Individual evidence
- ^ Piper in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved June 3, 2018.
- ↑ a b Gernot Katzer: http://gernot-katzers-spice-pages.com/germ/Pipe_lon.html Description page about long pepper as a spice, as of October 27, 2007.
- ↑ Fuchs Gewürzen: https://www.fuchs.de/produkte/fuchs-langer-pfeffer/ Description page about long pepper as a spice, as of February 26, 2017.
- ↑ Shiu-ying Hu: Food Plants of China . The Chinese University Press, Hong Kong 2005, ISBN 962-201-860-2 .
- ^ Piper longum at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Anne Iburg: Dumonts little spice dictionary . Dörfler im Nebel Verlag GmbH, ISBN 3-89555-202-X , p. 172.
