Tongueless

Tongueless
Smooth clawed frog ( Xenopus laevis )
Systematics
Sub-stem : Vertebrates (vertebrata) Superclass : Jaw mouths (Gnathostomata) Row : Land vertebrates (Tetrapoda) without rank: Amphibians (Lissamphibia) Order : Frog (anura) Family : Tongueless
Scientific name
Pipidae
JE Gray , 1825

The tongue-less (Pipidae) are a family of the frogs (Anura). The name goes back to the missing tongue . The eyes are lidless (exception: Pseudhymenochirus merlini , but only recognizable in dead animals); Horn teeth are missing. The presence of lateral line organs in the form of raised skin papillae indicates the aquatic way of life of the animals. During mating, the males clasp the females in the groin area (= inguinal amplexus ). The tadpoles have paired breathing holes. At first they still have free ribs, but after metamorphosis they grow together with the transverse processes of the vertebrae.

The clawed frogs are common in Africa, the comb toads in South America. Most of the species are found in the waters of tropical rainforests.

In particular the genera Xenopus and Hymenochirus are often kept and bred in aquariums. In the past, they were also used for pregnancy tests by spraying women's urine under their skin. If they were pregnant, the urine contained the corresponding hormones that stimulated the frog to spawn (for details, see clawed frog ).

For mating and brood care behavior of comb toads compare: Tadpole .

Systematics

Great comb toad ( Pipa pipa )

The Pipidae family includes four genera and 41 species.

As of September 24, 2019

• Hymenochirus (Boulenger, 1896) - dwarf clawed frogs
  • Hymenochirus boettgeri (Tornier, 1896) - Boettger's dwarf-clawed frog
  • Hymenochirus boulengeri (Witte, 1930) - Boulengers dwarf-clawed frog
  • Hymenochirus curtipes (Noble, 1924) - Squat dwarf- clawed frog
  • Hymenochirus feae (Boulenger, 1906)
• Pipa (Laurenti, 1768) - comb toads
  • Pipa arrabali (Izecksohn, 1976) - Yellow comb toad
  • Pipa aspera (Müller, 1924) - Venezuelan comb toad
  • Pipa carvalhoi (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937) - Medium comb toad
  • Pipa myersi (Trueb, 1984) - Myers comb toad
  • Pipa parva (Ruthven & Gaige, 1923) - Small comb toad
  • Pipa pipa (Linnaeus, 1758) - Great comb toad
  • Pipa snethlageae (Müller, 1914) - Pará comb toad
• Pseudhymenochirus (Chabanaud, 1920)
  • Pseudhymenochirus merlini (Chabanaud, 1920) - Apparent dwarf clawed frog
• Xenopus (Wagler, 1827) - Clawed Frogs
  • Xenopus allofraseri Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias & Blackburn, 2015
  • Xenopus amieti (Kobel, du Pasquier, Fischberg & Gloor, 1980) - Amiet's clawed frog
  • Xenopus andrei (Loumont, 1983) - Andreis clawed frog
  • Xenopus borealis (Parker, 1936) - Yellow-spotted clawed frog
  • Xenopus boumbaensis (Loumont, 1983) - camera clawed frog
  • Xenopus calcaratus Peters, 1875
  • Xenopus clivii (Peracca, 1898) - Ethiopian clawed frog
  • Xenopus epitropicalis Fischberg, Colombelli & Picard, 1982 - Equator clawed frog
  • Xenopus eysoole Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias & Blackburn, 2015
  • Xenopus fischbergi Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias & Blackburn, 2015
  • Xenopus fraseri (Boulenger, 1905) - Fraser's clawed frog
  • Xenopus gilli (Rose & Hewitt, 1927) - Cape clawed frog
  • Xenopus itombwensis Evans, Carter, Tobias, Kelley, Hanner & Tinsley, 2008
  • Xenopus kobeli Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias & Blackburn, 2015
  • Xenopus laevis (Daudin, 1802) - Smooth clawed frog
  • Xenopus largeni (Tinsley, 1995) - Mandebo clawed frog
  • Xenopus lenduensis (Evans, Greenbaum, Kusamba, Carter, Tobias, Mendel & Kelley, 2011)
  • Xenopus longipes (Loumont & Kobel, 1991) - long-footed clawed frog
  • Xenopus mellotropicalis Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias & Blackburn, 2015
  • Xenopus parafraseri Evans, Carter, Greenbaum, Gvoždík, Kelley, McLaughlin, Pauwels, Portik, Stanley, Tinsley, Tobias & Blackburn, 2015
  • Xenopus muelleri (Peters, 1844) - Müller's clawed frog
  • Xenopus petersii (Bocage, 1895)
  • Xenopus pygmaeus (Loumont, 1986) - Pygmy clawed frog
  • Xenopus ruwenzoriensis (Tymowska & Fischberg, 1973) - Ruwenzoriberg clawed frog
  • Xenopus tropicalis (Gray, 1864) - Tropical clawed frog
  • Xenopus vestitus (Laurent, 1972) - short-legged clawed frog
  • Xenopus victorianus Ahl, 1924
  • Xenopus wittei (Tinsley, Kobel & Fischberg, 1979) - Witte's clawed frog

The genus Silurana (Gray, 1864) with Silurana epitropicalis (Fischberg, Colombelli & Picard, 1982), equatorial clawed frog , and Silurana tropicalis (Gray, 1864), tropical clawed frog , was added to Xenopus .

Web links

Commons : Tongue-out  - collection of images, videos, and audio files

• List of species of the Pipidae family at Amphibiaweb
• AMNH: Amphibian Species of the World
• German-language information page

literature

• Werner von Filek: Frogs in the aquarium . Kosmos-Franckh, Stuttgart 1967 (newer editions available), ISBN 3-440-03496-8
• Kunz, Kriton: clawed frogs, dwarf clawed frogs, comb toads - Pipidae in nature and human hand Nature and Tier-Verlag, 2003, ISBN 3-931587-75-4