Pyotr Leontjewitsch Pasternak

Pjotr ​​Leontjewitsch Pasternak , Russian Пётр Леонтьевич Пастернак , also Peter L. Pasternak, (born January 20, 1885 in Odessa , † September 21, 1963 in Moscow ) was a Soviet and Swiss civil engineer.

Life

Pasternak grew up in a Jewish academic family with six other siblings. In 1897 the family moved to Zurich , where their father, Leon Pasternak , worked as a mathematics teacher at the ETH Zurich . There he studied civil engineering from 1904 to 1910. As a freshly qualified engineer, he assisted Marcel Grossmann at the ETH Zurich in the field of descriptive geometry and worked in construction practice at the engineering office of J. Bollinger & Cie .; as early as 1912 he was promoted to technical director of the Geneva engineering firm Gisi & Co. and at the end of 1914 was appointed chief engineer by the Black Sea concrete construction company in St. Petersburg . Due to the reduction in construction activity in the wake of the February and October revolutions in 1917, Pasternak left St. Petersburg via Moscow at the end of 1918 in order to help set up a technical school for reinforced concrete construction there. Hardly two years later he returned to Zurich and in 1921 received the license to teach technical statics and reinforced concrete construction at the ETH due to his habilitation thesis Contribution to the statics of monolithic rod systems (1920). In this groundbreaking work, Pasternak designed the dual structure of structural engineering from a heuristic perspective and in this context formulated the two forms of the reduction theorem in general. The term reduction theorem appeared in his recently published essay. Even if his work received little attention, Pasternak made a fundamental contribution in the transition from the accumulation to the innovation phase of structural engineering. On July 14, 1924, Pasternak was awarded a doctorate by his alma mater with the dissertation on the abbreviated Gaussian algorithm , which was supervised by Professors Arthur Rohn and Carl Fridolin Baeschlin , as a uniform basis in structural engineering. sc. techn. PhD. At the end of 1927 he applied unsuccessfully to succeed Marcel Grossmann for the professorship for descriptive geometry and geometry of the location. In mid-October 1929 the National Economic Council of the USSR appointed Pasternak as a consultant for questions relating to the reorganization of the technical universities in Moscow. In the summer of 1930 he returned to Zurich and lost his teaching license at the request of the President of ETH Zurich, Arthur Rohn. Pasternak returned to the USSR, where he held various management positions in the practice and science of construction. He was a member of the temporary commission founded in 1930 for the elaboration of the Soviet all-union norms and technical conditions for building planning, technical director of the government building planning and building implementation office Giprostroj, which was also founded in 1930 and which, in addition to building work in general, deals with the creation of experimental buildings and the training of building professionals Statute and official advisor to the industrial construction company Promstrojproekt, founded in 1932.

In 1932 he became a lecturer and from 1934 to 1938 and from 1955 until his death Pasternak taught and researched as a professor of solid construction at the Moscow National Research University for Civil Engineering (MISI). Pasternak played a key role in the planning of the railway workshop building at Medživan station, which was completed in 1930. In this pilot project by Giprostroj Pasternak first introduced folded structures as supporting structures in the USSR. Pasternak's most spectacular practical building achievement is the reinforced concrete shell designed with Boris Fernandowitsch Materi (1902–1972) for the theater for opera and ballet in Novosibirsk, built between 1933 and 1947 .

Pasternak was not to achieve his greatest scientific success in the field of reinforced concrete construction, but with the expansion of the theory of the elastic bedded beam. This work is still received today and is referred to as Pasternak elastic bedding or Pasternak bedding. In his last creative period, Pasternak published several books on reinforced concrete, which introduced numerous civil engineering students to the advanced design theory widespread in the USSR during the first half of the structural engineering innovation phase (1950–1975).

In 1956 he became a member of the Academy for Building and Architecture in the Soviet Union.

His sister Elisabeth (married Wladigerow) was one of the first Bulgarian doctors and mother of the composer Pantscho Wladigerow .

Fonts

• Contribution to the calculation of statically indeterminate systems . Der Eisenbau, 13th year, 1922, No. 3, pp. 61–65.
• Contribution to the calculation of often statically indeterminate rod systems . Der Eisenbau, 13th year, 1922, No. 11, pp. 239–254.
• The practical calculation of rigid spherical shells, circular foundation plates on elastic bedding and circular cylindrical walls in mutual monolithic connection . Journal for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics , 6th year, 1926, no. 1, pp. 1–29.
• The abbreviated Gaussian algorithm as a uniform basis in structural engineering . Dissertation ETH Zurich. Zurich: Leemann 1926.
• Calculation of often statically indeterminate rigid bar and surface structures. Part 1, Tripartite Systems: Fundamentals and Applications . Zurich: Leemann 1927.
• The practical calculation of the bending stress in circular containers with curved floors and ceilings and linearly variable wall thicknesses . Schweizerische Bauzeitung, Vol. 90, 1927, No. 19, pp. 241–244, No. 20, pp. 258–262 and No. 21, pp. 267-270.
• Železobetonnye Konstrukcii (reinforced concrete structures) . Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdat. Literatury po Stroitelʹstvu i Architekture 1952 (Russian).
• Osnovy novogo metoda raschjota fundamentov na uprugom osnovanii pri pomoshhi dvuh kojefficientov posteli (A new method of calculating elastically bedded foundations with two constants). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Literaturi po Stroitelstvu i Arkhitekture 1954 (Russian).
• Proektirovanija zhelezobetonnyh Konstrukcij (design of reinforced concrete structures). Moscow: Strojizdat 1966 (Russian).
• Calculation of often statically indeterminate rigid bar and surface structures: three-part systems , Zurich, Leipzig: Lehmann 1927

literature

• Karl-Eugen Kurrer : The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium , Ernst & Son

2018, S. 1041f (Biografie), ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9.

Fonts

• Contribution to the calculation of statically indeterminate systems . Der Eisenbau, 13th year, 1922, No. 3, pp. 61–65.
• Contribution to the calculation of often statically indeterminate rod systems . Der Eisenbau, 13th year, 1922, No. 11, pp. 239–254.
• The practical calculation of rigid spherical shells, circular foundation plates on elastic bedding and circular cylindrical walls in mutual monolithic connection . Journal for Applied Mathematics and Mechanics , 6th year, 1926, no. 1, pp. 1–29.
• The abbreviated Gaussian algorithm as a uniform basis in structural engineering . Dissertation ETH Zurich. Zurich: Leemann 1926.
• Calculation of often statically indeterminate rigid bar and surface structures. Part 1, Tripartite Systems: Fundamentals and Applications . Zurich: Leemann 1927.
• The practical calculation of the bending stress in circular containers with curved floors and ceilings and linearly variable wall thicknesses . Schweizerische Bauzeitung , Vol. 90, 1927, No. 19, pp. 241–244, No. 20, pp. 258–262 and No. 21, pp. 267-270.
• Železobetonnye Konstrukcii (reinforced concrete structures) . Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdat. Literatury po Stroitelʹstvu i Architekture 1952 (Russian).
• Osnovy novogo metoda raschjota fundamentov na uprugom osnovanii pri pomoshhi dvuh kojefficientov posteli (A new method of calculating elastically bedded foundations with two constants). Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Literaturi po Stroitelstvu i Arkhitekture 1954 (Russian).
• Proektirovanija zhelezobetonnyh Konstrukcij (design of reinforced concrete structures). Moscow: Strojizdat 1966 (Russian).
• Calculation of often statically indeterminate rigid bar and surface structures: three-part systems , Zurich, Leipzig: Lehmann 1927

Individual evidence

1. ^ PL Pasternak: Contribution to the calculation of statically indeterminate systems. In: Der Eisenbau, 13th year, 1922, No. 3, p. 62
2. ^ PL Pasternak: Contributions to the calculation of often statically indeterminate rod systems. In: Der Eisenbau, 13th year, 1922, No. 11, pp. 239-254
3. ↑ PL Pasternak: The abbreviated Gaussian algorithm as a uniform basis in structural engineering. Dissertation ETH Zurich. Zurich: Leemann 1926
4. ↑ PL Pasternak: Osnovy novogo metoda raschjota fundamentov na uprugom osnovanii pri pomoshhi dvuh kojefficientov posteli (A new method of calculating elastically bedded foundations with two constants)
5. ↑ Moscow: Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Literaturi po Stroitelstvu i Arkhitekture 1954 (Russian)
6. ^ Karl-Eugen Kurrer: The Winkler bedding. In: The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium. Second, considerably enlarged Edition. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 , p. 102
7. ↑ Karl-Eugen Kurrer: Prestressed concrete standards in the GDR. In: The History of the Theory of Structures. Searching for Equilibrium. Second, considerably enlarged Edition. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-433-03229-9 , pp. 767–769