OSA (Association of Architects)
OSA ( Russian Объединение современных архитекторов Obedineine sowremennch architektorow ), the Association of Contemporary Architects , a Russian avant-garde - architects association thereof in the Soviet Union , the Russian Federation as the first Constructivists became known.
history
Under the leadership of Alexander Wesnin in Moscow in 1925 the constructivists and members of the Left Wing of Art ( LEF ) of WChUTEMAS Moissei Ginsburg , Viktor Wesnin , Jakow Kornfeld , Wjacheslav Vladimirov , Andrei Burow , Georgi Orlow and other like-minded people decided to join forces. Ilya Golossow and G. Wegman joined the founding meeting of the group in December 1925 . The chairman of the OSA was Alexander Wesnin with Moissei Ginsburg and Wiktor Wesnin as deputy and Georgi Orlow as secretary. It was only with the support of Pavel Novitsky in the People's Commissariat for Education that the OSA was officially recognized at the State Academy of Fine Arts . The OSA was the only group to publish its own regular magazine, Die Architektur der Gegenwart , which was edited by Lidija Konstantinovna Komarowa . A wide range of topics were covered in the magazine. A symposium on flat roofs was featured and a special was devoted to color in architecture. There were discussions about Le Corbusier , the Bauhaus , Fernand Léger and Kasimir Malewitsch , who also contributed to the magazine. The magazine was mainly designed by Alexei Gan , and Alexander Rodchenko contributed photos. The magazine gained new followers, so that OSA groups formed in Leningrad , Sverdlovsk , Kazan , Kharkov , Tomsk , Novosibirsk , Kiev , Baku and other cities. In the summer of 1927 the OSA organized the first exhibition of contemporary architecture in the Vchutemas building in Moscow. In 1927, the OSA was renamed the All-Russian Association of Contemporary Architects (ROSA) without the new name becoming established.
In 1930, with the discontinuation of its magazine, the OSA became the Department of Architects of Socialist Building (SASS) at the All Union Architectural Science Society (WANO) , so that it became its Moscow Department MOWANO. In 1932 OSA or SASS was dissolved in connection with the establishment of the Union of Soviet Architects . The OSA members worked in the modern style until the introduction of socialist realism in 1932. Alexei Gan and Michail Ochitowitsch did not survive the Stalinist purge .
Buildings
Examples of the work of the OSA in the Soviet Union are residential complexes in Moscow and Sverdlovsk based on designs by Moissei Ginsburg , a palace of culture and a department store in Moscow as well as the DniproHES power station of the Wesnin brothers, the electrical-technical complex in Moscow by Ivan Nikolayev , the at the International Style Exhibition of the Museum of Modern Art in 1932, a large student dormitory in Moscow and a workers' housing complex in Leningrad by Alexander Nikolski . The leading theorists of the OSA were members of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM) from 1928 to 1933 with Ginsburg and Nikolai Kolli as members of the secretariat. A small CIAM meeting with the OSA took place in Moscow in 1932, to which Sigfried Giedion and Cornelis van Eesteren also came. Sergei Eisenstein's film The General Line showed buildings by AK Burow. Ivan Leonidov's utopian projects were first published in the OSA magazine and were then criticized as western by Arkady Mordvinov .
meaning
The OSA took avant-garde positions not only in architecture but also in urban planning , some of which differed from the positions of the CPSU . Collective houses were promoted as social compressors . OSA architects were commissioned to develop standards for the mass production of residential complexes. In 1929, however, the OSA sought to desurbanise it . Mikhail Ochitowitsch's theories on building diffuse semi-rural cities using telecommunications and adequate infrastructure were published in the OSA magazine. Corresponding proposals for the new town of Magnitogorsk were immediately rejected by Ernst May of the Der Ring association .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Harry Francis Mallgrave: Modern Architectural Theory: a historical survey, 1673-1968 . Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-521-79306-8 , pp. 240 .
- ↑ Вигдария Хазанова: Советская архитектура первых лет Октября. 1917–1925 гг. Наука, Moscow 1970.
- ↑ С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Архитектура советского авангарда: Книга 1: Проблемы формообразования. Мастера и течения . Стройиздат, Moscow 1996, ISBN 5-274-02045-3 .
- ^ Hugh D. Hudson, Jr .: Terror in Soviet Architecture: The Murder of Mikhail Okhitovich . In: Slavic Review . tape 51 , no. 3 , 1992, p. 448-467 , doi : 10.2307 / 2500054 .
- ^ Alan Colquhoun: Modern Architecture . Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York 2002, ISBN 0-19-284226-9 , pp. 133 .