Ivan Ilyich Leonidov

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Ivan Ilyich Leonidov

Ivan Ilyich Leonidow ( Russian Ива́н Ильи́ч Леони́дов ; * 9 February July / 22 February  1902 greg. On the Vlasicha farm near Stariza in the Tver Governorate ; † November 6, 1959 in Moscow ) was a Russian constructivist architect , urban planner , artist and University professor who is best known for his unrealized architectural projects, especially his 1927 design for the Lenin Institute in Moscow. His works are among the top achievements in architecture of his time.

Life

Leonidow, son of a forest ranger, graduated from the four-class village school. He trained with a rural icon painter and worked as a seasonal worker in Petrograd . In 1919 he studied in the Free Art Studios (SwoMas) in Tver. In 1921 he was sent to the higher artistic-technical workshops (WChuTeMas) in Moscow for further painting training . Within a year he moved to Alexander Wesnin's architectural office . In 1925 and 1926, Leonidov won prizes in architecture competitions for an improved farmhouse, for apartment buildings in Ivanovo , for buildings of the Belarusian State University in Minsk, and for standard workers' clubs for 500 to 1000 people. In 1926 he began to publish his projects in the journal Gegenwartsarchitektur of the OSA group . As a constructivist architect, he participated creatively in the activities, discussions and projects of the OSA group from 1927 to 1930. In 1927 he planned a Lenin Institute with a library in Moscow as a diploma thesis, which was not realized, but gave him international recognition at the contemporary architecture exhibition of the OSA group in Moscow. In 1928 he began to teach at the WChuTeMas. In 1929 he designed a Christopher Columbus monument in Santo Domingo .

From 1929 Leonidov's work was sharply criticized. Critics like Arkadii Mordwinow described Leonidov in the irrelevant discussion as a "dreamer on paper". In 1930 the essay Leonidism and its Danger , which accused Leonidov of sabotage , appeared in the magazine Kunst in der Massen . The response to the criticism appeared in contemporary architecture , with Leonidov leading the editorial team collectively . Thereupon the contemporary architecture was closed and Leonidow excluded from the WChuTeMas.

In 1931 Leonidow began to work at the State Institute for Urban Development (GIProGor) and after half a year went to Igarka to build . After his return, he worked with his former students on a project proposal for the reconstruction of Moscow. From 1932 to 1933 he headed one of the Mos project offices. In 1934 he moved to Moisei Ginsburg's architecture office and headed the creative brigade. In 1934 he took part in the competition for the building of the Heavy Industry Commissariat on Moscow's Red Square . Leonidov's only realized project in 1938 was the large staircase in the park of the Sergo Ordzhonikidze sanatorium in Kislovodsk .

At the beginning of the German-Soviet War in 1941, Leonidov was drafted into the Red Army and participated as a pioneer in the defensive battles near Voronezh . In 1943 he was wounded and discharged from the army.

After the war Leonidow occupied himself with the design of exhibitions. Under the impression of the horror of the war, he worked on the Sun City project with human happiness as the main theme. He also designed sketches for the UN headquarters.

Leonidov died of a heart attack on the stairs of Moscow's Wojentorg department store. He was buried in the village cemetery near the sanatorium Mzyri at the station Firsanowskaja in Khimki , on which the cube-shaped grave stone takes its name him.

In 2007 the exhibition Una città possibile: architetture di Ivan Leonidov, 1926–1934, was shown at the Triennale di Milano . In 2010, the exhibition series Architecture in the Ringturm in Vienna included the exhibition Leonidov 1926–1934, a Russian Constructivist .

Works (selection)

Buildings (selection)

Realized

1937–38: Stairs in the Narkomtiaschprom sanatorium
  • Interior of sanatorium apartments in Kislovodsk (destroyed)
  • Interior of a study of the Communist Academy in Moscow (destroyed)
  • Interior of the Schaigrusija sanatorium (destroyed)
  • Interior of the House of Pioneers in Moscow (destroyed)
  • at Mosproekt 1932-33 workers' club for Pravda (planned for construction, never built)
  • 1937-38 staircase in Narkomtiaschprom Sanatorium (now Ordsonikidse Sanitarium) in Kislovodsk (Photography (1940): the entire system , theater stages , Terrace stages )

Projects

  • 1925 design of a print of " Izvestia " in Moscow (Vkhutemas Atelier A. A. Vesnin) Drawing
  • 1927 Design of a workers' club for 500 people
  • 1927 Design of a workers' club for 1,000 people
  • 1927 Competition design for the production and administration building of the "Sow-Kino" drawing
  • 1927 Diploma thesis at the Lenin Institute in Moscow (with A. A. Wesnin) photographs of the model, drawings
  • 1928 Competition design of the first round for the office building of the Union of Consumer Cooperatives (Tsentrosojus) in Moscow Photograph of the model
  • Draft for a new social type club
  • 1928/29 design for the Columbus Monument in Santo Domingo
  • with a group of students of the Vchutein 1929 competition design for the socialist city of Magnitogorsk (leader of a student group of the Vchutein)
  • 1929–30 competition design for the House of Industry in Moscow drawing
  • 1930 Competition design for the Palace of Culture of the Proletarian District in Moscow
  • at GIPROGAR approx. 1931 design for the city of Igarka
  • at GIPROGAR around 1931 design for the reconstruction of Moscow
  • at GIPROGAR around 1931 new planning around the Serpuchow gates
  • 1934 Competition design for the building of the People's Commissariat for Heavy Industry (Narkomtiaschprom) in Moscow Drawings
  • 1940 competition design for the "Izvestia"
  • 1940s – 50s: Sketches for the "Sun City"
  • Draft for the seat of the United Nations
SA, 1928, No. 1. Cover

design

  • Cover and equipment of No. 1, 1928 of the magazine SA [CA] (contemporary architecture)

Article (selection)

  • Ivan Leonidow: Lecture on a new type of social club at the 1st Congress of the OSA . In: Sovremennaya architektura . No. 3 . OSA, Moscow 1929, p. 103-110 .
  • Ivan Leonidow: Answers I. Leonidows to questions about his lecture on a new type of social club at the 1st Congress of the OSA . In: Sovremennaya architektura . No. 3 . OSA, Moscow 1929, p. 110-111 .
  • Ivan Leonidov: Note on the problem of the monument . In: Sovremenanaja architektura . No. 4 . OSA, Moscow 1929, p. 148 .
  • Ivan Leonidow: Explanatory remarks on the draft "Socialist way of settling in the Magnitogorsk combine" . In: Sovremennaya architektura . No. 3 . OSA, Moscow 1930, p. 1 .
  • Ivan Leonidow: Explanatory remarks on the competition project “House of Industry” . In: Sovremennaya architektura . No. 4 . OSA, Moscow 1930, p. 1 .
  • Ivan Leonidow: Explanatory remarks on the design of the Kulturpalast . In: Sovremennaya architektura . No. 5 . OSA, Moscow 1930, p. 4 .
  • Ivan Leonidow: The Architect's Palette . In: Architektura SSSR . No. 4 , 1934, pp. 32-33 .
  • Ivan Leonidov: Explanatory remarks on the draft competition for the People's Commissariat for Heavy Industry (Narkomtiaschprom) . In: Architektura SSSR . No. 10 , 1934, pp. 14 .
  • Ivan Leonidov: Speech of the advice of Moscow architects (February 1936) . Architekturnaia gasjeta, No. 13 [85] , March 3, 1936.

literature

  • SO Chan-Magamedov: Ivan Leonidov . With an introduction by Vieri Quilici. Institute for Architecture and Urban Studies / Rizzoli, New York 1981 (English).
  • SO Chan-Magamedow: pioneers of Soviet architecture . Dresden 1983.
  • Andrei Gozak, Andrei Leonidow and Catherine Cooke: Ivan Leonidov: The Complete Works . Rizzoli, New York 1988 (English).
  • Helena Barchugova, Nataliya Rochegova: Visualization and Animation in the Study of Ivan Leonidov's Creative Heritage . 2007 ( online [PDF; 200 kB ] Moscow Architecture Institute ).
  • Una città possibile. Architetture di Ivan Leonidov 1926–1934 , eds. Otakar Máčel, Maurizio Meriggi, Dietrich W Schmidt and Jurij P Volchok, Milan: Electa, 2007, 216 pp. Catalog. (Italian)
  • Ivan Leonidov 1902-1959 , eds. Alessandro De Magistris and Irina Korobina, Milan: Electa, 2009, 321 pp. Review: Minin (SEEJ 2011). (Italian)

Web links

Commons : Iwan Ilyich Leonidow  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ivan (Ilich) Léonidov. In: arch INFORM ; accessed on October 24, 2016.
  2. ↑ С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Иван Леонидов . Moscow 2009, ISBN 978-5-91566-050-1 .
  3. ↑ Alessandro De Magistris: Ivan Leonidov 1902-1959 . Electa, 2009, ISBN 978-88-370-5761-9 .
  4. ↑ Udo Kultermann: The architecture in the 20th century . DuMont, Cologne 1977, ISBN 3-7701-0920-1 .
  5. ↑ Леонидовщина и ее вред . In: Искусство в массы . No. 12 , 1930.
  6. ↑ Maurizio Meriggi: Una città possibile. Architetture di Ivan Leonidov 1926–1934 . Electa, 2007, ISBN 88-370-5445-9 .
  7. ↑ Парк санатория НКПТ. Оформление спуска (accessed October 24, 2016).
  8. ↑ Парк санатория НКПТ. Деталь лестницы (accessed October 24, 2016).
  9. ↑ SO Chan-Magamedow: Pioneers of Soviet Architecture . Verlag der Kunst, Dresden 1983, p. 552 .
  10. ↑ Военторг класса премиум ( Memento of July 26, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (accessed on October 24, 2016).
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Andrei Gozak: Ivan Leonidov: Artist, dreamer, poet . In: Ivan Leonidov: Complete Works . 1988 ( online ).
  12. ↑ Helena Barchugova, Nataliya Rochegova: Visualization and animation in the Study of Ivan Leonidov's Creative Heritage . 2007 ( online [PDF; 200 kB ] MARCHI, Moscow, Russia).
personal data
SURNAME Leonidov, Ivan Ilyich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Леони́дов, Ива́н Ильи́ч (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH February 22, 1902
PLACE OF BIRTH Vlassicha at Stariza
DATE OF DEATH November 6, 1959
Place of death Moscow