Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Ochitowitsch

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mikhail Ochitowitsch

Mikhail Alexandrowitsch Ochitowitsch ( Russian Михаи́л Алекса́ндрович Охито́вич ; * 1896 in St. Petersburg ; † 1937 in Moscow ) was a Russian sociologist , urban planner and architect .

Life

Ochitowitsch joined the Bolshevik party in 1917 and served in the Red Army until 1925 . He then became a supporter of the Left Opposition and Leon Trotsky , after which he was expelled from the party in 1928. After leaving the opposition, he was accepted back into the party on application in 1930.

From 1929 to 1930 he was with Moissei Ginsburg head of the section for socialist development according to the state plan of the RSFSR . During the discussions on socialist spatial planning and urban planning in 1929/1930, Ochitowitsch came out with his theoretical project of desurbanization , which met with fierce opposition. Ochitowitsch published a number of essays on spatial planning in the journal Gegenwartsarchitektur of the OSA group . His proposals are similar to Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City . The draft of Ochitowitsch and the other OSA members Mikhail Barschtsch , Wladimir Wladimirow and Nikolai Sokolow for the general plan for the construction of the city of Magnitogorsk as a Green City was rejected (1930). Le Corbusier later took up some of these ideas with his Ville Radieuse .

In 1933 Ochitowitsch was again warned by the party for "deviance". In 1935 he came out with a speech in defense of constructivism and sharply criticized the Stalinist "cult of hierarchy" and "nationalism". The speech frightened the audience, who saw through the political situation in the Soviet Union . The subsequent campaign against Ochitowitsch under the leadership of the architects Karo Halabjan and Arkady Mordvinov accused him of “right-wing opportunism”. In the same year Ochitowitsch was arrested and sentenced to a labor camp. In 1937 the unemployed Ochitowitsch, who had meanwhile been released, was arrested and shot in his Moscow apartment.

Ochitowitsch's older brother Evgeni (1887–1938) worked as a statistician in Samara . He has been arrested repeatedly since 1919. In 1937 an NKVD troika imposed the maximum sentence, so that he was shot in Kuibyshev in 1938 . In 1956, he was rehabilitated by the Volga Military District Tribunal .

Fonts (selection)

Individual evidence

  1. М. Ф. Дороговцев: Социологи России и СНГ XIX — XX вв Биобиблиографический справочник . 1999, ISBN 5-8360-0004-2 .
  2. С. О. Хан-Магомедов: Михаил Охитович (Серия Творцы авангарда) . Фонд "Русский авангард", 2009, ISBN 978-5-91566-018-1 .
  3. Fosco Lucarelli: Mikhail Okhitovich and the Disurbanism (accessed November 12, 2016).
  4. М. Г. Меерович: Рождение соцгорода Из серии: « Рождение соцгорода. Градостроительная политика в СССР. 1926-1932 гг. » Изд-во ИрГТУ, Иркутск 2008.
  5. ^ Thomas Möbius: Russian social utopias from Peter I to Stalin . LIT Verlag, Münster 2015, p. 523 .
  6. В. Л. Глазычев: Россия в петле модернизации: 1850–1950 (accessed November 11, 2016).
  7. Конкурсный проект Магнитогорска (accessed November 12, 2016).
  8. ^ Hugh D. Hudson, Jr .: Terror in Soviet Architecture: The Murder of Mikhail Okhitovich . In: Slavic Review . tape 51 , no. 3 , 1992, p. 448-467 .