Karo Halabjan

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Karo Simoni Halabjan ( Armenian Կարո Սիմոնի Հալաբյան , Russian Каро Семёнович Алабян * July 14 . Jul / 26. July  1897 greg. In Jelisawetpol ; † 5. January 1959 in Moscow ) was an Armenian - Soviet architect and university lecturer .

Life

Halabjan attended the Armenian Nerses School in Tbilisi with graduation in 1917. He then joined the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (Bolsheviks) . In 1923 Halabjan began studying at the higher artistic-technical workshops in Moscow . It was there that he made friends with Mikajel Masmanjan , Geworg Kotschar and Vasili Nikolajewitsch Simbirzew , with whom he later built a lot in Moscow and Yerevan . He graduated from the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in 1929. In the same year Halabjan founded the All-Russian Association of Proletarian Architects (WOPRA) together with Alexander Wassiljewitsch Vlasow, Vladimir Babenkow and Viktor Baburow . WOPRA rejected constructivism and sought a new architectural style in line with the political system of the Soviet state. To do this, the method of Marxist analysis should be applied to the analysis of the art of previous generations.

After completing his studies, Halabjan returned to Yerevan, where he immediately built a lot in the style of Constructivism during his two years in Yerevan as head of the state Gos project . He also taught at the architecture department of the Yerevan Polytechnic Institute .

In 1932 Halabjan became Moscow's chief architect and secretary in charge of the Union of Soviet Architects (SSA) that had just been founded. In the competition for the Palace of the Soviets in 1933 he was awarded first prize. In 1935 he participated in the development of the general plan for Moscow. In the same year he was sent to Italy , France and Greece for study purposes . In 1936 he became a Corresponding Honorary Member of the Royal Institute of British Architects . In 1937 he became a deputy in the Supreme Soviet of the USSR . During the Stalin Purges he was Lasar Moissejewitsch Kaganowitsch's informant and participated in the persecution of the modernists . In 1939 he and S. Safarjan built the pavilion of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic at the All Union Agricultural Exhibition in Moscow. In the same year he built the USSR Pavilion with Boris Michailowitsch Iofan at the New York World's Fair in 1939 , after which Halabjan became an honorary citizen of New York City . During the German-Soviet War , Halabjan headed the work of the SSA and the Academy of Architecture of the USSR as well as a special atelier of the academy, in which plans for the camouflage of important industrial and defense facilities were drawn up. In 1942 he became a member of the Commission for the Registration and Protection of Art Monuments and Chairman of the Commission for the Reconstruction of the SSA.

Halabjan monument in Kentron Yerevan

1943–1945, Halabjan led the development of the general plan for the reconstruction of Stalingrad . 1949–1953 he was Vice President of the Academy of Architecture. 1950–1951 he created with Leonid Borissowitsch Karlik the plan for the construction of the port of Sochi with the port station. The new Voronezh train station designed by Halabyan was built in 1954.

When the Stalin high-rise buildings were being planned in Moscow , Lavrenti Beria at one of the meetings on these projects named their economy as one of the advantages of these high-rise buildings. Halabjan, as one of the project authors, replied that the high-rise buildings were not economical, which Beria rejected. Halabjan was now excluded from all projects and lost all offices. A person was sent to Halabjan's studio who was identified as a Japanese spy and arrested. Halabjan was also threatened with arrest. Anastas Mikojan managed to send Halabjan to Armenia . Halabjan's wife, the actress Lyudmila Wassiljewna Zelikowskaja , and her one-year-old son Alexander stayed back in Moscow .

Halabjan died of lung cancer . He was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Halabjan's names are borne by streets in Moscow and Yerevan.

Honors, prizes

Works

  • Central Academic Theater of the Red Army , Moscow (1934–1940 with Vasily Nikolajewitsch Simbirzew)

  • Sochi port station (1955)

  • Voronezh Railway Station (1954)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Большая российская энциклопедия: АЛАБЯ́Н Каро Семёнович (accessed April 9, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c d Людмила Целиковская между Жаровым и Любимовым (accessed April 9, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c Chronos: Каро Семенович Алабян (accessed April 9, 2019).
  4. ↑ Щеглов А. В .: Очерки по истории Союза архитекторов России . Союз архитекторов России, Moscow 2004, ISBN 978-5-4316-0185-9 , p. 71 .
  5. ↑ Иконников А. В .: Архитектура XX века. Утопии и реальность. Т.  1 . Прогресс-Традиция, Moscow 2001, ISBN 5-89826-096-X , p. 328, 451, 481 .
  6. ^ Brian Moynahan: Le concert héroïque . JC Lattès, 2014, ISBN 978-2-7096-3774-9 .
  7. ^ Hugh D. Hudson Jr .: Blueprints and Blood: The Stalinization of Soviet Architecture, 1917–1937 . Princeton University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1-4008-7282-4 .
  8. ^ Marie-Christine Autant-Mathieu: L'Etranger dans la littérature et les arts soviétiques . Presses Univ. Septentrion, 2014, ISBN 978-2-7574-0892-6 .
  9. ↑ Halabjan's grave in the Novodevichy Cemetery (accessed April 9, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Halabjan, Karo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Алабян, Каро (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH July 26, 1897
PLACE OF BIRTH Yelisavetpol
DATE OF DEATH 5th January 1959
Place of death Moscow