Alexander Wassiljewitsch Vlasow

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Alexander Vasilyevich Vlasov ( Russian Александр Васильевич Власов ; born October 19 . Jul / 1. November  1900 greg. In Bolshaya Koscha ( Rajon Selischarowo ), Russian Empire ; † 25. September 1962 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Russian architect and university lecturer .

Life

Vlasov, son of a forest scientist , attended the 8th Moscow high school with graduation in 1918. During the Russian Civil War , he began in 1920 to study at the Lomonosov Institute for Technical Mechanics and Electrical Engineering in the architecture department, which was taken over in 1924 by the Moscow Technical University . In 1923 he planned in his course projects with Ilya Alexandrowitsch Golossow a passage hotel with a restaurant on the roof and a central station in a city square. In 1928 he finished his studies and then taught there.

In 1929 Vlasov founded the All-Russian Association of Proletarian Architects (WOPRA) together with Karo Halabjan , Vladimir Babenkow and Viktor Baburow . WOPRA rejected constructivism and sought a new architectural style in line with the political system of the Soviet state. To do this, the method of Marxist analysis should be applied to the analysis of the art of previous generations.

1930-1931 Vlasov participated in the closed competition for a Lenin communist educational institution on the Sparrow Hills . He first received approval for the construction of a large architectural ensemble in Moscow, and in 1936 was named after its project the dorm for the future Institute built the first building. However, the further construction of the ensemble was then discontinued because the party leadership did not accept Vlasov's seventh version of the project. Eventually the government abandoned the project and handed the finished buildings over to the All-Russian Union Central Soviet .

In 1931 Vlasov took part in the competition of the city of Ivanovo for a representative Oblast theater, although the space provided for it was structurally difficult. Vlasov's project with a building in the style of the Lenin Mausoleum was selected by the jury as the best of the 11 projects submitted. During the construction of the Theater-Kunstpalast, the executing architects made numerous changes to simplify the construction. 1931–1932 Vlasov held lectures at the Architecture Institute.

In 1932 Wlassow took over the management of the architecture studio No. 2 of the Mos project . The following year he gave up his teaching activity in order to be able to devote himself entirely to project work. In 1934 he submitted his project for the Palace of the Soviets to the competition. Although he did not win, he received the order for the renovation of the Central Maxim Gorky Park for Culture and Recreation , whose director was Betti Nikolajewna Glan . For this project he received the Grand Prix in 1937 at the Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne in Paris . In 1935 he won the competition for the Moscow Crimean Bridge , the construction of which in 1938 was directed by Boris Petrovich Konstantinov (1903-1993). In 1940 Vlasov was elected a Corresponding Member of the Academy of Architecture of the USSR . after the beginning of the German-Soviet war , Vlasov and other academicians were evacuated to Schymkent . He now developed projects to rebuild destroyed cities.

In 1944, the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev Vlasov, appointed chief architect of the city of Kiev to lead the reconstruction. In 1945, 30,000 m 2 of living space were rebuilt. In 1947 Vlasov was elected a full member of the Academy of Architecture. Vlasov headed a group of architects who, in accordance with traditional urban planning concepts of the 19th century, turned the Khreshchatyk into a wide, leafy thoroughfare connecting the districts . Vlasov's plans were discussed for a long time, so construction of the first buildings of the new Khreshchatyk began only in 1949. For the facades was granite , majolica and ceramics used, and in front of the facades sculpture groups set up. House 36 was originally intended to be a 22- storey high-rise building with a crowning tower with a group of workers' kolkhozniki sculptures, based on the model of the Stalinist skyscrapers in the style of socialist classicism . A house with 10 floors was built so as not to tower over the other buildings. This is how Vlasov shaped Kiev architecture.

Walter Ulbricht (2nd from left) explains Wlassow (2nd from right) at the exhibition In the Struggle for German Architecture in East Berlin, the facility of the German University of Physical Culture in Leipzig (December 9, 1951, far right Kurt Liebknecht )

In 1950, Vlasov became Moscow's chief architect and head of the Moscow City Administration for Architectural Affairs, which was responsible for planning all the buildings in Moscow. During this time, the planning of the buildings and infrastructure for new districts on the previous outskirts began. A new general plan for the development of Moscow by 1960 with a third transport ring was drawn up. In 1951 Wlassow visited the exhibition In the Struggle for German Architecture in the GDR , which was opened on December 9, 1951 in the House of the National Council in East Berlin for the inauguration of the German Building Academy .

As early as 1952, under Vlasov's leadership, a large, uniform urban development project with the Lenin Prospect as the main thoroughfare was realized for the first time in the USSR in southwest Moscow . Typical 8- and 9-storey brick houses were built , the ground floors of which were intended for shops and public institutions, as well as schools, kindergartens and polyclinics . In 1953, Vlasov presented his project of a pantheon as a memorial to outstanding personalities in the country, based on a Greek temple . As a result of the de-Stalinization , interest in such a project disappeared.

When, under Nikita Sergejewitsch Khrushchev, the government urged rapid construction with the lowest production costs and Khrushchev criticized the Soviet architecture of the last few years at the opening of the All Union Congress of Builders in Moscow in November 1954, Vlasov joined this new building movement and accused the architects of socialist realism because of the redundant decorative elements and the excessive production and maintenance costs. Vlasov and other architects were sent to the USA to learn about the building techniques there.

In the course of personnel renewal in the USSR, Vlasov lost his office as Moscow's chief architect in 1955, and the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR condemned him as one of the builders of the Stalin era. Despite this, he retained his influence due to his long personal acquaintance with Khrushchev and was elected president of the Academy of Architecture. When the Academy for Building and Architecture was created in 1956, Vlasov became its vice-president.

In the fall of 1956 the government announced a new competition for the Palace of Soviets, i.e. H. one open for all architects and one closed only for leading architects. Vlasov took part in the first closed competition in 1956 and in the second competition in 1958. His project with a large winter garden received special praise. In 1960 an administrative office was set up for the design of the Palace of the Soviets, with Vlasov as director, but construction did not take place. Shortly before his death, he was elected 1st Secretary of the Union of Architects of the USSR.

Vlasov was buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.

Honors, prizes

Works

  • Ivanovo Theater-Art Palace (state 2009)

  • Crimean Bridge Moscow

  • Chreschtschatyk, Kiev (state in May 1974)

  • Khreshchatyk 13, Kiev

  • Khreshchatyk 21, Kiev

  • Khreshchatyk 27, Kiev

  • Khreshchatyk 30, Kiev

  • Khreshchatyk 34, Kiev

  • Khreshchatyk 36, Kiev

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ structurae: Alexander Vasilyevich Vlasov (accessed April 8, 2019).
  2. ↑ a b c The official portal of the Moscow Mayor and Moscow Government: Александр Васильевич Власов Главный архитектор (accessed April 8, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b c d e TOTALARCH: Александр Власов (accessed April 9, 2019).
  4. ↑ Хан-Магомедов С. О .: Архитектура советского авангарда. Т. 1 . Стройиздат, Moscow 1996, ISBN 5-274-02045-3 , p. 205–219 ( alyoshin.ru [accessed April 8, 2019]).
  5. ↑ Щеглов А. В .: Очерки по истории Союза архитекторов России . Союз архитекторов России, Moscow 2004, ISBN 978-5-4316-0185-9 , p. 71 .
  6. ↑ a b c Иконников А. В .: Архитектура XX века. Утопии и реальность. Т. 1 . Прогресс-Традиция, Moscow 2001, ISBN 5-89826-096-X , p. 328, 451, 481 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f Хмельницкий Д. С .: Архитектура Сталина. Психология и стиль . Прогресс-Традиция, 2007, ISBN 5-89826-271-7 , pp. 201, 314, 321, 345 .
  8. ↑ Центр города раньше был окраиной (accessed April 8, 2019).
  9. ↑ Театральный комплекс в Иваново (accessed April 8, 2019).
  10. ↑ a b Стенограмма беседы товарища Н.С.Хрущева с руководителями Московского Совета по вопросам по вопросел гратитостам. 26 мая 1962 г. (accessed April 8, 2019).
  11. ↑ Киев в послевоенный период. Реконструкция города (accessed April 8, 2019).
  12. ↑ Крещатик (accessed April 9, 2019).
  13. ↑ Milezki Avraam : Наплывы памяти . Изд. Филобиблон, Jerusalem 1998.
  14. ↑ Володин П. А., Иофан Б. М. и др .: Новые районы Москвы . Гос. из-во лит-ры по строительству, архитектуре и строительным материалам, 1960.
  15. ↑ ФЕЛИКС НОВИКОВ: Зодчество: смена эпох. К пятидесятилетию архитектурной "перестройки" . In: Nowy Mir . No. 3 , 2006 ( russ.ru [accessed April 9, 2019]).
  16. ↑ Постановление Центрального Комитета КПСС и Совета Министров CCCP от 4 ноября 1955 года №1871 «Об устранении излишеств в проектировании и строительстве" (accessed on 9 April 2019).
  17. ↑ Кириллова Л. И., Минервин Г. Б., Шемякин Г. А .: Дворец Советов. Материалы конкурса 1957–1959 гг. Гос. из-во лит-ры по строительству, архитектуре и строительным материалам, Moscow 1961, p. 181 .
personal data
SURNAME Vlasov, Alexander Wassiljewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Власов, Александр Васильеви (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 1, 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Bolshaya Koscha, Selisharovo Raion , Russian Empire
DATE OF DEATH September 25, 1962
Place of death Moscow , Soviet Union