Mikajel Masmanjan

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Mikajel Dawiti Masmanjan ( Armenian Միքայել Դավիթի Մազմանյան , Russian Микаэл Давидович Мазманян ; born November 9 . Jul / 21st November  1899 . Greg in Tbilisi ; † 29. October 1971 in Yerevan ) was an Armenian - Soviet architect , urban planner and university teachers .

Life

Masmanjan, the son of a craftsman, attended primary school in Tbilisi from 1907 to 1910 and the Armenian Nerses School from 1911 to 1918. In 1916 he copied frescoes for Nikolai Jakowlewitsch Marr in Ani . He took part in exhibitions of the Association of Armenian Artists in Tbilisi in 1917 and 1919. 1919–1921 he gave drawing lessons in elementary schools.

1921 Masmanjan went to Moscow and studied at the Higher Artistic-Technical Institute first in the painting - Faculty and then in the architecture -Fakultät. He worked in the studios of Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Ladowski and Viktor Alexandrowitsch Wesnin , where he got to know the principles of rationalism and constructivism . Masmanjan was looking for ways to adapt the new architecture to the specifics of Armenia . The subjects of his studies were a theater in Yerevan and residential buildings for Armenia. As a diploma thesis at the end of his studies in 1929, he designed a culture and recreation park in Moscow, which was recognized by the magazine Moskaus Bauen in 1929.

Masmanjan was a founding member of the All-Russian Association of Proletarian Architects (WOPRA) founded in 1929 (together with Karo Halabjan , Alexander Vasilyevich Vlasov , Vladimir Babenkow and Viktor Baburov). WOPRA rejected constructivism and sought a new architectural style in line with the political system of the Soviet state. To do this, the method of Marxist analysis should be applied to the analysis of the art of previous generations.

After graduation, Masmanjan was posted to Armenia. From 1929 to 1931 he worked as a senior architect in the Armenian urban construction company Armgostroje , after whose reorganization he became head of the State Architecture Planning Workshop No. 3 in 1932. In addition, he was the first director of the Yerevan Polytechnic Institute from 1930–1935 , where he taught architectural design . During these years he planned and built various objects in Yerevan together with Karo Halabjan and Geworg Kotschar , which characterized the emerging new Armenian architecture school. Masmanjan was particularly active in urban planning in Leninakan and Kirovakan . He also worked scientifically and published works on Armenian architecture. Masmanjan was a board member of the Union of Architects of Armenia and was elected a member of the board of the Union of Soviet Architects at the 1st All-Union Congress of the Union of Soviet Architects, founded in Moscow in 1932 .

In September 1937 Masmanjan was arrested and convicted of nationalism and membership in a Trotskyist - Bukharin group. In 1939 he was exiled to Norilsk . There he worked in the project office of the coal and steel - Metallurgical Combine as senior architect and head of the planning group of the city of Norilsk. He developed the general plans for Norilsk (together with Geworg Kotschar and Witold Stanislawowitsch Nepokoitschizki ) and Dudinka as well as for industrial complexes , mining companies and settlements. In 1954 he was released and rehabilitated.

Masmanjan returned to Yerevan in 1954 and headed the general planning workshop of the Yerevan Project Institute . In the 1960s, he led work on the creation of a new master plan for Yerevan, with an estimated population of 1,100,000 in 2000, which was approved in 1971. Various residential areas were planned, including Ajapnyak (1955–1965).

Masmanjan was elected to the Council of Churches in 1957 and was chairman of the building commission of the Armenian Apostolic Church until his death .

Honors, prizes

Works

  • Builders' Club (Halabjan, Kotschar, Masmanjan 1929, now Yerevan State Russian Stanislavsky Theater)

  • Children's World Department Store , Kentron , Yerevan (Masmanjan, Howhannes Margarjan , Kotschar 1935–1937)

  • House of the Book Trade, Kentron, Yerevan (Masmanjan, Margarjan 1935–1940, Yerevan Theater since 1967)

  • David of Sasun , Yerevan ( Jerwand Kotschar , Masmanjan 1959)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Great Soviet Encyclopedia : Мазманян Михаил Давидович.
  2. ↑ a b c d TOTALARCH: Мазманян Микаел Давидович (accessed April 11, 2019).
  3. ↑ a b Tramwaj Iskusstw: Мазманян Микаэл (Михаил) Давидович (1899–1971) (accessed April 11, 2019).
  4. ↑ Щеглов А. В .: Очерки по истории Союза архитекторов России . Союз архитекторов России, Moscow 2004, ISBN 5-4316-0185-7 , p. 71 .
  5. ↑ Иконников А. В .: Архитектура XX века. Утопии и реальность. Т.  1 . Прогресс-Традиция, Moscow 2001, ISBN 5-89826-096-X , p. 328, 451, 481 .
  6. ↑ The Constructivist Project: Клуб строителей (accessed April 11, 2019).
  7. ↑ Мазманян М. Д .: Торос Тораманян . In: Хорурдаин Айастан . No. 8 , 1934.
  8. ↑ Мазманян М. Д .: Архитектура Армении . In: Архитектура СССР . No. 4 , 1935.
personal data
SURNAME Masmanjan, Mikajel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Masmanjan, Mikajel Dawiti; Мазманян, Микаэл Давидович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Armenian architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH November 21, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Tbilisi
DATE OF DEATH October 29, 1971
Place of death Yerevan