Poecilostomatoida

Poecilostomatoida
	Sapphirina darwinii with ootheca
Systematics
Over trunk :	Molting animals (Ecdysozoa)
Trunk :	Arthropod (arthropoda)
Sub-stem :	Crustaceans (Crustacea)
Class :	Maxillopoda
Subclass :	Copepods (Copepoda)
Order :	Poecilostomatoida
Scientific name
	Poecilostomatoida
	Thorell , 1859

The Poecilostomatoida form an order of copepods (Copepoda). Most species live on the surface of saltwater fish , mollusks, and echinoderms . However, the order Poecilostomatoida is now subordinated to the Cyclopoida by some authors . The name includes the Greek word "ποικίλος", "poikílos", which means spotted or decorated . In biological names it also means variable , diverse . The second part of the word is derived from the Greek "στόμα", "stóma" for mouth opening . Poecilostomatoida means living beings with diverse mouthparts .

description

A common characteristic of the species of this order is behavior when mating. In contrast to the other copepods, the females of the Poecilostomatoida are seized by the males with the maxillipedes , not with the antennas. In the course of the tribal history, this led to a gender dimorphism in the formation of the maxillipedas.

Further classification of these crustaceans was made based on the structure of their mouthparts. In the Poecilostomatoida, the mandibles have a transverse cleft that is partially covered by an overhanging labrum that resembles an upper lip. Although the shape of the mandible varies widely in the Poecilostomatoida, it can generally be described as sickle-shaped.

The antennae are often greatly reduced in size and sometimes modified to small hooks or claws that are used to hold the crustaceans to their host.

Life cycle

As with all crustaceans, there are a number of larval stages that are separated by moults and at the end of which is the adult form that no longer moults. The larval stages differ considerably from the form of adult Poecilostomatoida. The embryos are transported by the mother in single or paired bags that are attached to the first belly ring (1st thoracic segment). The blue colored bags are easy to see in the picture on the left.

Occurrence

Most Poecilostomatoida live as ectoparasites on marine fish, molluscs or echinoderms. Usually they cling to the outer skin of the host or live in the oral cavity or throat. Some also attack the host animal's gills. Only one family of Poecilostomatoida lives endoparasitic in the host's body. Some poecilostomatoida have also been found in unusual places, for example in beach lakes, deep-sea vents and cold deep-sea springs. Individual species have also conquered fresh water and attack the fish that live in it.

Oncaea venusta. A drawing by Ernst Haeckel in 1904.

List of families

The order includes more than 60 families :

Abrsiidae Karanovic, 2008
Anchimolgidae Humes & Boxshall, 1996
Anomoclausiidae Gotto, 1964
Antheacheridae Sars M., 1870. Generate galls in sea anemones
Anthessiidae Humes, 1986
Bomolochidae Claus, 1875
Bradophilidae Marchenkov, 2002
Catiniidae Bocquet & Stock, 1957
Chondracanthidae Milne Edwards, 1840: Parasitic species which predominantly infest the gill chamber from fish living on the seabed.

Clausidiidae Embleton, 1901

Clausiidae Giesbrecht, 1895: Parasitic way of life.

Corycaeidae Dana, 1852

Echiurophilidae Delamare Deboutteville & Nunes-Ruivo, 1955

Entobiidae

Erebonasteridae Humes, 1987: Found in the deep sea in black smokers

Ergasilidae Burmeister, 1835: Mainly infested freshwater fish , partly also fish from brackish water. Preferentially nests in the gills , hence also called gill louse.
Eunicicolidae Sars GO, 1918
Gastrodelphyidae List, 1889
Herpyllobiidae Hansen, 1892
Intramolgidae Marchenkov & Boxshall, 1995: Parasitized on sea squirts
Kelleriidae Humes & Boxing Hall , 1996

Lamippidae Joliet, 1882

Lernaeosoleidae Hogans & Benz, 1990 (Status unaccepted): Parasitized on bottom fish of the North Atlantic

Lichomolgidae Kossmann, 1877

Lubbockiidae

Macrochironidae

Mesoglicolidae

Myicolidae Yamaguti, 1936, parasitize e.g. T. on marine ascarids

Mytilicolidae Bocquet & Stock, 1957. Mytilicola intestinalis lives in the intestines of mussels

Nereicolidae Claus, 1875. Anomopsyllus abyssorum parasitizes in marine annelids

Octopicolidae Humes & Boxshall, 1996, parasitized on cuttlefish

Oncaeidae Giesbrecht, 1893. Octopicola superba parasitizes on cuttlefish.

Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877. Parasitizing marine fish

Philoblennidae Izawa, 1976

Shiinoidae : Parasitic way of life. Spanish mackerel are preferred .

Tuccidae : parasites

Web links

Commons : Poecilostomatoida - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ Geoff A. Boxshall , SH Halsey: An Introduction to Copepod Diversity . The Ray Society, London 2004.
^ Graham C. Kearn: Poecilostomatoid copepods. In: Graham C. Kearn: Leeches, Lice and Lampreys. Springer, Dordrecht 2004, pp. 214-236, ISBN 978-1-4020-2925-7 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e A. G. Humes & GA Boxshall: A revision of the lichomolgoid complex (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida), with the recognition of six new families . In: Journal of Natural History . 30, No. 2, 1996, pp. 175-227. doi : 10.1080 / 00222939600771131 .
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis: An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea ( PDF ), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County , 2001, p. 132.
^ JK Lowry: Crustacea, the Higher Taxa: Description, Identification, and Information Retrieval . October 2, 1999.
↑ Introduction to Copepods ( PDF ) University of Connecticut . Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.
↑ Masahiro Dojiri, Roger F. Cressey: Revision of the Taeniacanthidae (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) parasitic on fishes and sea urchins . In: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . 447, 1987, pp. 1-250. doi : 10.5479 / si.00810282.447.i .
↑ Introduction to Copepods . University of Connecticut .
↑ Poecilostomatoida at World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Retrieved March 1, 2019 .
↑ AG Humes: copepods from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. In: Bulletin of Marine Science . tape 41 , no. 3 , 1987, pp. 645-788 .
^ T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall: Sapphirinidae . In: T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall (Eds.): World Copepoda Database . World Register of Marine Species , 2010 ( marinespecies.org ).

[Boxshall2-1] Geoff A. Boxshall , SH Halsey: An Introduction to Copepod Diversity . The Ray Society, London 2004.

[Kearn_2004-2] Graham C. Kearn: Poecilostomatoid copepods. In: Graham C. Kearn: Leeches, Lice and Lampreys. Springer, Dordrecht 2004, pp. 214-236, ISBN 978-1-4020-2925-7 .

[hum-3] A. G. Humes & GA Boxshall: A revision of the lichomolgoid complex (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida), with the recognition of six new families . In: Journal of Natural History . 30, No. 2, 1996, pp. 175-227. doi : 10.1080 / 00222939600771131 .

[mar-4] A ^b ^c ^d ^e Joel W. Martin & George E. Davis: An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea ( PDF ), Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County , 2001, p. 132.

[cru-5] JK Lowry: Crustacea, the Higher Taxa: Description, Identification, and Information Retrieval . October 2, 1999.

[6] Introduction to Copepods ( PDF ) University of Connecticut . Archived from the original on May 13, 2008.

[7] Masahiro Dojiri, Roger F. Cressey: Revision of the Taeniacanthidae (Copepoda: Poecilostomatoida) parasitic on fishes and sea urchins . In: Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology . 447, 1987, pp. 1-250. doi : 10.5479 / si.00810282.447.i .

[conn-8] Introduction to Copepods . University of Connecticut .

[WoRMS-9] Poecilostomatoida at World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). Retrieved March 1, 2019 .

[10] AG Humes: copepods from deep-sea hydrothermal vents. In: Bulletin of Marine Science . tape 41 , no. 3 , 1987, pp. 645-788 .

[Walter&Boxhall-11] T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall: Sapphirinidae . In: T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall (Eds.): World Copepoda Database . World Register of Marine Species , 2010 ( marinespecies.org ).