Sapphirinidae
| Sapphirinidae | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Sapphirinidae | ||||||||||||
| Thorell , 1859 |
Sapphirinidae are a family of copepods (Copepoda) that live parasitically . They usually feed on pelagic invertebrate hosts such as Salpidae and possibly other gelatinous plankton.
Sapphirinidae are widespread in the tropical and subtropical oceans. Sometimes males produce a variety of brilliant, iridescent colors. This coloration is caused structurally by layers of hexagonal shaped guanine crystals, which are separated by the cytoplasm .
features
With the families Lubbokiidae and Heterorhabdidae , Sapphirinidae are the only copepods family in which the males are on average larger than the females. The body of the Sapphirinidae is flattened dorsoventrally . The nauplius eye is well developed with large, paired cuticular lenses on the front edge of the head area which are secondary to the male Copilia species. Well-developed cuticular lenses are present at least in the female Sapphirinidae. The antennae typically consists of five segments and is not kneeling (geniculate) in the male. The antenna is single-branched, consists of four segments and ends in a small claw. The maxillula is simply segmented with four bristles (setae), the maxillipedas in the female 3-fold, in the male 3 or 4-fold segmented and ending in a claw. The swimming legs 1 to 4 have two branches. The branches consist of three segments, only the endopod of the 4th legs is often reduced to two or one segment. The unsegmented 5th leg is just a papilla that is covered with two bristles and a spike. The multi-tiered egg sacs are paired.
Systematics
The Sapphirinidae family includes the following genera : (As of August 2, 2015)
- Copilia Dana , 1849
- Saphirinella Claus , 1863
- Sapphirina J. Thompson , 1830
- Terebellicola M. Sars , 1861
- Vettoria C. B. Wilson , 1924
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Andrew G. Hirst, Thomas Kiørboe: Macroevolutionary patterns of sexual size dimorphism in copepods. 2014 in: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 281. ( online )
- ↑ a b Sapphirinidae in: Zooplankton Identification Manual for North European Seas (ZIMNES).
- ↑ Jinho Chae, Shuhei Nishida: Vertical distribution and die1 migration in the iridescent copepods of the family Sapphirinidae: a unique example of reverse migration? In: Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1995, No. 119, pp. 111-124. ( Online )
- ^ Dvir Gur et al .: Light-Induced Color Change in the Sapphirinid Copepods: Tunable Photonic Crystals. In: Advanced Functional Materials , 2015, doi : 10.1002 / adfm.201504339 ( Online )
- ^ T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall: Sapphirinidae . In: T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall (Eds.): World Copepoda Database . World Register of Marine Species , 2010 ( marinespecies.org ).
