Political parties in the People's Republic of China

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The parties in the People's Republic of China consist of the Communist Party of China and eight other political parties: the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang of China ( Chinese  中国 国民党 革命 委员会, Pinyin Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìng Wěiyuánhuì ), the Democratic League of China ( Chinese中国 民主 同盟. Pinyin Zhōin Zhōin Tóngméng), the Democratic State Building Society of China ( Chinese中国 民主建国会, Pinyin Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Jiànguó Huì), the Chinese Association for the Promotion of Democracy ( Chinese中国民主促进会, Pinyin Zhōngguó Mínzhǔ Cùjìnhuì), the Democratic Party of Peasants and Workers of China ( Chinese 中国农工民主党, Pinyin Zhōngguó Nónggōng Mínzhǔdǎng), the Zhi Gong Party of China ( Chinese  中国致公党, Pinyin Zhōngguó Zhìgōngdǎng ), the Society of September 3rd (九三学社, Pinyin Jǐusān Xuéshè) and the Taiwanese Democratic Self-Determination League ( Chinese  台湾 民主 自治 同盟, Pinyin Táiwān Mínzhǔ Zìzhì Tóngméng ). Many of these parties emerged during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation. In 1949, the first government of the PRC began its work as a coalition government, in which the Communist Party of China, however, held absolute supremacy.

One-party system

The People's Republic of China is a one-party system in which several parties work together under the so-called united front . In addition to the ruling Communist Party, there are eight other parties. These are intended to support the leadership of the CPC. The democratic parties cannot be called opposition parties or non-ruling parties. They are participating parties, but the status of these parties is comparable to that of the block parties in the former GDR . In the founding phase of the People's Republic, they were assigned the task of binding certain sections of the population such as intellectuals, scientists, Chinese overseas and former GMD members to the new regime.

Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)

The CPPCC is a united front organization of the Chinese people. It is made up of representatives of the Chinese Communist Party, other parties, non-party personalities, social organizations, all nationalities and all social circles, representatives of compatriots from Taiwan , Hong Kong and Macau and the Chinese overseas who have returned, as well as specially invited personalities. This would make it comparable with the so-called " National Front " or " National Front " institutions in the former Eastern Bloc countries.

In September 1949, the first plenary session of the CPPCC proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic and adopted a joint program.

The CPPCC has no political decision-making power. According to an assessment by the Federal Agency for Civic Education , the other "so-called democratic parties ... are not parties in political competition, but merely consultative bodies controlled by the CCP."

Chinese Communist Party

The Chinese Communist Party ( Chinese  中国 共产党, Pinyin Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng ) was founded in July 1921 in Shanghai on the basis of Marxism and Leninism . The Chinese communists adopted the organizational principles of the cadre party and the leadership role of the party in politics, society and the economy. It sees itself as the vanguard of the working class and the peasants. After the successful revolution that led to the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949 , the party, under Mao Zedong's leadership, pursued a program to implement the great leap forward that was to make China an economic superpower. However, this led to a catastrophic food shortage with famine as a result. From 1966, this development culminated in the Chinese Cultural Revolution initiated by Mao . From 1979 onwards, Deng Xiaoping changed course, which led to an opening up to capitalist economic reforms, increased industrial production and quickly improved the supply of the population. The main goal of the Communist Party leadership is to develop China into a strong, powerful and rich state and at the same time to fight against any attempts to "decompose" the existing political order. The Chinese Communist Party has approximately 85,130,000 members. It is by far the Communist Party with the largest number of members. Party membership still offers a wide range of advantages, such as a helpful network of relationships, preferential treatment for promotions or the allocation of inexpensive apartments. Farmers and state industrial workers, however, have lost weight within the party. The current Secretary General of the Central Committee is Xi Jinping .

The other parties

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Brunhild Staiger, Stefan Friedrich, Hans-Wilm-Schütte, Reinhard Emmerich: The great China Lexicon . Ed .: Brunhild Staiger, Stefan Friedrich, Hans-Wilm-Schütte. Primus Verlag, Darmstadt 2003, ISBN 978-3-89678-633-3 , p. 555 .
  2. ↑ Jürgen Hartmann: Politics in China: An introduction . 1st edition. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 978-3-531-15242-4 , p. 82 .
  3. ↑ China's political system__China.org.cn. Retrieved January 29, 2017 .
  4. ↑ a b c Federal Agency for Civic Education: bpb.de - Dossier China - Politics - The political system of China. Retrieved January 29, 2017 .
  5. ^ Doris Fischer, Christoph Müller-Hofstede: Country Report China . Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 2014, ISBN 978-3-8389-0501-3 , p. 260 .
  6. ^ Doris Fischer, Christoph Müller-Hofstede: Country Report China . Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 2014, ISBN 978-3-8389-0501-3 , p. 264 .
  7. ↑ China: CCP members 2015 | Statistic. Retrieved January 30, 2017 (English).
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h Statistics: https: //www.statista.com/statistics/250224/eight-non-communist-political-parties-in-china-by-number-of-members/. Retrieved January 29, 2017 (paid access only).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h The democratic parties. Retrieved January 29, 2017 (Beijing Rundschau, March 5, 2012).

Web links