Preparation institute

Former preparation shop in Arnsberg, built after 1902 (in the background the former building of the teachers' college)

Preparation institute in Elsterwerda (1910)

A preparatory institute (or preparatory school ), sometimes referred to as a preparatory school , was the lower level of elementary school teacher training from the 18th to the early 20th century . She prepared for the visit of teachers seminars before, comes the name Präparand (lat. A Vorzubereitender ) for the students of this institution. The training began immediately after the end of elementary or middle school .

General development

The development of this facility could differ significantly in the individual German states since the 19th century. In some cases, the preparatory preparatory institutions were merged with the seminars. This happened, for example, in the Kingdom of Saxony , in Anhalt and in Hamburg . In some cases, as in the Kingdom of Bavaria , the preparatory institutes continued to be operated as a preparatory facility for the teachers' seminars (in the case of Jewish preparatory schools, also for Israelite teacher training institutions ), but where they were still private they were nationalized. Elsewhere they could be private and at most be controlled and supported by the state.

Example Prussia

The former preparation shop in Fritzlar

In Prussia, for example, the preparatory institutions were often run as private facilities by seminar teachers in the first half of the 19th century. It was not until the era of the Minister of Education and Cultural Affairs Adalbert Falk in the 1870s that state institutions were founded that continued to exist alongside the seminars in terms of space and organization. There were also state-controlled private institutions in Prussia. While the state institutions were subordinate to the provincial college, the district governments were responsible for the private ones. In 1886 there were 32 preparatory institutes in Prussia compared to 114 seminars. After the November Revolution , both institutions were dissolved in favor of pedagogical academies .

Example of Württemberg

In Württemberg, on the Catholic side, there were privately run preparation centers in Schwäbisch Gmünd and Saulgau in the 19th century . Both institutions were nationalized in 1902. Saulgau to a completely new building complex was built in Schwabisch Gmund followed a such until 1905. From the Gmünder institution went in the following years, then the existent today University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd forth.

literature

• Annegret Bruhn: Die preparanden: Teacher training in Schleswig-Holstein 1867 to 1918 (= studies and documentation on German educational history , volume 59). Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 1995, ISBN 978-3-412-13794-6 (Dissertation University of Education Kiel 1992, 326 pages).
• Preparation . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 13 . Altenburg 1861, p. 461 ( zeno.org ).
• Preparation . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 13, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 315.

Web links

Wiktionary: Preparatory institute  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Ursula Gehring-Münzel: The Würzburg Jews from 1803 to the end of the First World War. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. Volume III / 1–2: From the transition to Bavaria to the 21st century. 2007, pp. 499-528 and 1306-1308, here: pp. 517 f. (to preparation schools in Höchberg , from 1866, and Burgreppach , from 1877).
2. ^ Hans-Ulrich Wehler: Deutsche Gesellschaftgeschichte, Vol. 4: From the beginning of the First World War to the founding of the two German states 1914–1949. Munich 2003, ISBN 3-406-32264-6 , p. 454
3. ↑ Magazin für Pädagogik , Vol. 65/1902, Issue 17 (April 27), pp. 205–206