Sugar beet pulp
Sugar beet pulp or extracted sugar beet pulp are a by-product of sugar beet processing , which is mainly used as feed for cattle , pigs , sheep and horses . Depending on the water content, a distinction is made between wet pulp, pressed pulp and dry pulp. By adding molasses , molasses pulp with a higher sugar content is produced.
Manufacture and variants
During sugar beet processing, the raw juice (diffusion juice) is separated from the extracted pulp in an extraction system. The raw juice is an intermediate product in sugar production, the schnitzel is a valuable by-product. In the case of schnitzel, a distinction is made according to the water content and, if necessary, the addition of molasses :
- Immediately after extraction, the wet pulp has a dry matter content of 8 to 10%.
- Pressing off part of the water content produces pressed pulp with a dry matter content of around 28%.
- The schnitzels can then be dried to dry pulp with a dry matter content of 90%. Drum dryers or evaporation dryers are used as dryers .
- Alternatively, sugar-containing molasses - another by-product of sugar production - is added to the dry pulp, which is then referred to as molasses pulp or molasses pulp . The sugar content increases from around 5% to around 20%, the dry matter content is around 90%.
Definition of the term schnitzel
We speak of small beet parts when beet fragments with leaf parts are sold as animal feed without first extracting sugar.
Components
In 1000 g dry matter, ensiled pressed pulp contain : |
Molasses schnitzel contain in 1000 g dry matter: |
|
| Crude fiber (XF) | 180 g | 146 g |
| Crude protein (XP) | 84 g | 97 g |
| Usable Crude Protein (nXP) | 146 g | 151 g |
| Ruminal nitrogen balance (RNB) | −10 g | −9 g |
| Net Energy Lactation (NEL) | 7.62 MJ | 7.75 MJ |
| Convertible Energy (ME) | 12.12 MJ | 12.25 MJ |
| Starch and Sugar (XS + XZ) | 99 g | 200 g |
| Raw fat (XL) | 4 g | 8 g |
| Rumen Resistant Protein (UDP) | 30% | 30% |
| Calcium (Ca) | 3.9 g | 10.6 g |
| Phosphorus (P) | 0.8 g | 0.8 g |
| Magnesium (Mg) | 2.1 g | 1.8 g |
| Sodium (Na) | 0.4 g | 1.7 g |
| Potassium (K) | 4 g | 14 g |
From a nutritional point of view, sugar beet pulp consists primarily of cell wall carbohydrates , crude protein and crude ash . Among the cell wall carbohydrates, pectins (approx. 25% of the dry matter) and hemicelluloses are mainly represented. The crude protein content is low at approx. 99 g / kg dry matter in dry pulp, the proportion of the essential amino acid lysine is relatively high at 5.9 g lysine in the protein fraction.
production
In 2006/2007, a dry pulp equivalent of around 1.3 million tons was produced in Germany.
The largest share of the total German production of sugar beet pulp is made up of dry pulp with around 84% (2006/2007: 1.1 million tons), of which around one million tons represent molasses pulp, the remaining 100,000 tons are dry pulp with a low sugar content. Approximately 16% of the total pulp production (2007/2008: approx. 200,000 tons) is made up of pressed pulp and only around 3,000 tons are made up of wet pulp. Around 360,000 tons and thus about 26% of the pulp production was delivered to the beet growers, the majority of over a million tons went to other customers.
Foreign trade
The import of sugar beet pulp to Germany only plays a very minor role and is less than 20,000 tons per year. In contrast, exports are significantly higher at around 375,000 tonnes. Most of the foreign trade takes place with the neighboring European countries, especially the Netherlands . Other relevant trading partners are Denmark , Spain and France .
use
Dry pulp in animal husbandry
Dry pulp is offered in loose and pelletized form. They are mainly used as energy-rich feed for feeding ruminants , which can break down the pectin and fiber content they contain through slow fermentation in the rumen . If there is a sufficient supply of raw fibers in the feed, extracted schnitzel can make up up to 30% of the dry matter in the feed ration in dairy cattle and up to 50% in beef cattle.
Non-ruminants ( monogastric animals ) can only use the feed insufficiently for energy. Therefore, high methane excretion occurs when it is fed . Due to the low energy density as feed for these animals, sugar beet pulp is only recommended as a ration component for poor (non-pregnant) or pregnant sows.
In horse feeding, where it is not important to gain weight, the permanent use of beet pulp, also because of their high sugar content, is not an advantage. Sugar beet pulp is therefore mainly used in horse feeding during convalescence , i. H. used in the regeneration phase after illness. Pulp are added depending on the species presoaked in order to facilitate the uptake and to throat blockage in the neck of the animals to prevent.
Beet pulp is sometimes used in dog food , cat food or in food for rabbit-like small animals or rodents .
Biogas production
| material | Biogas yield in m 3 per ton of fresh mass |
Methane content |
|---|---|---|
| Corn silage | 202 | 52% |
| Grass silage | 172 | 54% |
| Rye GPS | 163 | 52% |
| Pressed sugar beet pulp ensiled |
125 | 52% |
| Fodder beet | 111 | 51% |
| Biowaste | 100 | 61% |
| Chicken litter | 80 | 60% |
| Pig manure | 60 | 60% |
| Cattle manure | 45 | 60% |
| Grain Meat | 40 | 61% |
| Pig manure | 28 | 65% |
| Cattle manure | 25th | 60% |
In addition to using sugar beet pulp for the feed industry, these can also be used for the production of biogas .
The resulting biogas can then be used to generate energy, for example to partially cover the energy needs of a sugar factory. A corresponding system for self-supply with a daily capacity of 860 tons of schnitzels was built in 2007 at the location of the Hungarian sugar factory Kaposvár. With this capacity, around 40% of the factory's natural gas requirements could be substituted with biogas. Nordzucker has been operating a pilot plant for the production of biogas in Groß Munzel since January 2008 . There it is checked whether biogas can be produced from beets and schnitzel all year round.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Gruber feed value table 2017 (PDF), p. 73
- ^ Institute for Sugar Beet Research, Göttingen
- ↑ a b c Jeroch, Heinz; Drochner, Winfried and Simon, Ortwin, 1999: Nutrition of agricultural livestock , Ulmer Verlag, ISBN 3-8001-1086-5 , p. 236.
- ↑ Definition of small beet parts bisz.suedzucker.de
- ↑ Jeroch, Drochner, Simon diet of farm animals. P. 308.
- ↑ Jeroch, Drochner, Simon: Nutrition of agricultural livestock, p. 235 f.
- ↑ a b Economic Association of Sugar (WVZ); Sugar Industry Association (VdZ): Annual report 2007/08.
- ↑ Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. (FNR): Biogas basic data Germany. (PDF; as of October 2008). Source for all information except for pressed pulp.
- ↑ Biogas yields of different substrates, division potatoes / beets lfl.bayern.de, see pressed pulp ensiled .
- ↑ AGRANA opens unique biogas plant in Kaposvár (Hungary). AGRANA press release of November 17, 2007.
- ↑ Pilot plant in Groß Munzel produces biogas from sugar beet. Nordzucker, May 2008. (pdf)