Proopiomelanocortin
| Proopiomelanocortin | ||
|---|---|---|
| Properties of human protein | ||
| Mass / length primary structure | 267 amino acids; 29.4 kDa | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene names | POMC ; LPH; MSH; ACTH; CLIP; NPP; POC | |
| External IDs | ||
| Occurrence | ||
| Parent taxon | Vertebrates | |
| Orthologue | ||
| human | mouse | |
| Entrez | 5443 | 18976 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000115138 | ENSMUSG00000020660 |
| UniProt | P01189 | P01193 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_000939 | NM_008895 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_000930 | NP_032921 |
| Gene locus | Chr 2: 25.24 - 25.25 Mb | Chr 12: 3.95 - 3.96 Mb |
| PubMed search | 5443 |
18976
|
Proopiomelanocortin ( POMC ) is a protein and prohormone that is produced in the corticotropic cells of the adenohypophysis and also in the hypothalamus , placenta and epithelia . By Convertases the prohormone is post-translationally in more than ten active peptide hormones processed .
Structure and processing
| Proopiomelanocortin derivatives | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POMC | |||||||||
| γ-MSH | ACTH | β-lipotropin | |||||||
| α-MSH | CLIP | γ-lipotropin | β-endorphin | ||||||
| β-MSH | |||||||||
The human POMC consists of 241 amino acids . The gene is located on the chromosome segment 2p23.3.
The prohormone is split into different peptide hormones in a tissue-specific manner :
- Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)
- Corticotropin-like intermediate peptide (CLIP)
- Melanocyte-stimulating hormones (MSH): α-MSH, β-MSH and γ-MSH
- γ-lipotropin (γ-LPH)
- β-endorphin
In the adenohypophysis adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and β-lipotropin are split off, in the pituitary interlobe CLIP, α-MSH, γ-LPH and β-endorphin.
These hormones play a role in pain, energy homeostasis, body weight, stimulation of melanocytes , regulation of hunger and sexuality.
Mutations in this gene have been linked to certain types of early obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair color.
Individual evidence
- ↑ UniProt P01189
- ↑ Manuela Zingl: Risk marker for the development of obesity. Charité , press release from September 28, 2016 at Informationsdienst Wissenschaft (idw-online.de), accessed on September 30, 2016.
- ↑ Eight genes color hair red . In: Aerzteblatt . December 14, 2018.
Web links
- Proopiomelanocortin. In: Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man . (English)