Klinikum am Weissenhof

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Klinikum am Weissenhof seen from the Weibertreu castle ruins . On the far right the Weißenhof, on the far left the new building from 2002

The Klinikum am Weissenhof is a psychiatric hospital in Weinsberg , Heilbronn district . It was opened as a royal sanatorium (for the mentally ill) in 1903 on the grounds of the Weißenhof state domain . There are also other locations in the area. The name of the company is: Klinikum am Weissenhof, Center for Psychiatry Weinsberg, an institution under public law.

history

Courtyard building (former "Schlösschen") of the Weißenhof
Plan of the institution from 1903

Development until 1933

Need and planning

Towards the end of the 19th century, the four state sanatoriums for the mentally ill in Württemberg (in Zwiefalten , Winnental , Schussenried and Weißenau ) that had existed until then were overcrowded. Many sick people had to be turned away and placed in normal hospitals or in their hometowns where they could not be properly cared for. In the northern part of Württemberg there was also no “insane asylum” at all, which was considered a particular hardship for the sick from this area and their relatives, as they had to travel long distances.

In the Württemberg state budget of 1897/98, funds were used to build a fifth state insane asylum. In the north of the country, the search for a building site for this institution began, which was on the one hand quiet, but on the other hand near a train station and not too far from a larger city. The choice fell on the state domain Weißenhof, an estate that had existed for centuries, which is only two kilometers from the train station in Weinsberg and only six kilometers from Heilbronn . On July 6, 1899, the Chamber of Deputies approved three million marks for the construction of the institution. Initially, a record number of 500 patients was planned, which could then be increased to 550 upon completion of the institution.

Construction and inauguration

In the autumn of 1900, the construction of a water pipe for the institution began. From March 1901, a park was created on a small hill (three percent gradient) above the Sulmtal , about one kilometer north of Weinsberg, adjacent to the buildings of the courtyard, in which the individual hospital wards built as “country houses” in the “ pavilion system ” “Were distributed - initially strictly separated according to men and women (western and eastern half of the park). The central administrative buildings were erected in the middle. The first sick could be admitted on November 23, 1903, and in 1905 the institution was fully occupied. The first director of the institution was Paul Kemmler .

Construction of the "Church on the Weißenhof"

In the north of the site, an institution church was built as a simultaneous church from the beginning in 1913–1915 and a small cemetery was set up after it, which since November 2017 has been used as a park cemetery for burials after a long break. The exterior is deliberately built to match the two Catholic churches of Erlenbach and Binswangen, located downstream of the Sulma, in the Baroque style, while the interior is dominated by simple, rural Art Nouveau.

Time of National Socialism ("Zwischenanstalt Weinsberg")

Memorial stone for patients murdered during the Nazi era at the hospital church

"The heyday of a humanistic psychiatry, in which pastoral care was also regarded as part of the 'psychological treatment' (according to the 1st clinic director Dr. Kemmler), experienced a sudden break through the Nazi era": As part of the T4 campaign at the time of National Socialism , Weinsberg patients were also brought to the Grafeneck Castle killing center, where they were murdered. Later, the hospital was one of the Hadamar assigned transit institutions where mental patients were collected and then brought the killing to Hadamar. From January 1940 to the end of 1941, a total of 908 patients, 426 from Weinsberg and 482 from other institutions, were transported to the extermination institutions. From 1934 until the end of the war in 1945, 96 male and 107 female patients at the sanatorium were forcibly sterilized on the basis of the law for the prevention of hereditary offspring .

A lung sanatorium was set up in the vacated rooms from 1943 to 1946. During the Second World War , from 1941 until 1952, large parts of the Heilbronn hospital, which was endangered by air raids and destroyed in 1944, found refuge here.

Karl Eugen Jooss, the deputy head of the institution since 1936 and in office since 1940, tried to defend himself against the establishment of a collection point for euthanasia transports, especially since the purpose of the transports quickly became clear to him in view of the news of death that soon followed. Otto Mauthe, as the responsible official in the Württemberg Ministry of the Interior, threatened to close the institution, so that Jooss could ultimately only ensure that the Weinsberg staff did not actively participate in the transports and that they were instead carried out by staff from other institutions.

Mauthe later tried to justify himself, saying that he had been “pushed from above” and that the Weinsberg institute was intended as a Napo school . Contrary to the duty of confidentiality imposed on him under threat of death, Jooss trusted his closest employees about the background of the transports. By taking the concept of the sick person's ability to work as broadly as possible or by letting their relatives pick up sick people from the institution, numerous sick people were saved from certain death. The director of the facility, Jooss, committed suicide in September 1945 when it became known that the American occupation powers wanted to remove him from his position.

After the Second World War

In the early 1960s, additional medical wards were built in the west of the site, most of which were demolished in 2000/01 and replaced by another new building. "Gradually, and especially after 1973, as a result of the psychiatric reform, the sick person was taken back into focus as a self-determined personality".

The construction of a new building for the forensic psychiatry to accommodate 50 mentally ill criminals ( enforcement of measures under Section 63 of the Criminal Code ), against which a citizens' initiative turned in 2003 , which collected signatures against the project and also submitted a petition to the state parliament of Baden- Württemberg judged. The building was nevertheless erected subject to certain conditions and officially inaugurated on May 18, 2006. In July 2007, the city approved a five-year change to the concept from 2008, which provides for the accommodation of 25 patients each according to § 63 (mentally ill) and § 64 (addicts) of the Criminal Code. According to these two paragraphs, 25 other patients will be accommodated in other buildings of the clinic, so that a total of 100 patients are in the penal system in the Weinsberg clinic.

In June 2007 the clinic opened a location in Heilbronn with two day clinics . A day clinic for general psychiatry and psychotherapy had existed on the Weinsberg clinic premises since January 2006 and moved from there to Heilbronn, while a day clinic for geriatric psychiatry and psychotherapy was newly created. Both are in the building of the former Heilbronn private clinic Dr. Reinhard, which was acquired by the Klinikum am Weissenhof in March 2006 and in which around three million euros were invested.

The neurological department of the Klinikum am Weissenhof with 70 beds and almost 90 employees was transferred to the SLK clinics in the city of Heilbronn and the district of Heilbronn on January 1, 2010 and moved into a new building at the Heilbronner Gesundbrunnen Clinic at the turn of the year 2010/2011 regional stroke center was established.

The clinic today

The administration building
The nursing school
church

After the hospital had been known as the State Psychiatric Hospital Weinsberg for decades since 1954 , the legal form was changed to that of an institution under public law and the name to Center for Psychiatry Weinsberg in 1996 . In 2002 the name was changed again to today's Klinikum am Weissenhof , as the hospital also has non-psychiatric departments. Instead of the correct Weissenhof , the spelling Weissenhof was chosen. The clinic is a legally independent member of the ZfP-Gruppe Baden-Württemberg .

Today, the hospital is at the Weissenhof a modern hospital for psychiatry (with Departments of General Psychiatry, Geriatric Psychiatry , Forensic Psychiatry and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ), addiction treatment and psychotherapeutic medicine . With a total of 522 planned beds, around 13,000 patients are treated annually. The hospital employs around 1,450 people (with part-time workers), making it the largest employer in the city of Weinsberg. The total of 97 buildings of the clinic are spread over a 43 hectare park with 3,800 trees and a total of around 10 km of paths.

The hospital serves as an academic teaching hospital for the University of Heidelberg . For its school-age patients, it offers a school for the sick in long-term hospital treatment. Together with the Löwenstein Clinic, a health and nursing school is operated at which health and nursing staff are trained. In addition to the clinic's own pharmacy and a nursery , which is also used for therapeutic purposes, the clinic also has a plant fire brigade .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Häußermann (State Archives Ludwigsburg): On the difficulty of building a simultaneous church. The long way to the institutional church in Weinsberg in the years 1903-1915 ; in: Festschrift for the 100th anniversary of the Weissenhof Church 1915 - 2015 ; (Ed.) Klinikum am Weißenhof, Center for Psychiatry Weinsberg, Weinsberg 2015, pp. 12–15 - Following his anniversary lecture, the author M. Häußermann named the architect of the new church building on June 2, 2015 when asked: Carl Hees , Building Councilor of the Kgl. Domain Directorate Stuttgart, lead builder of the entire sanatorium
  2. ↑ a b c d Günther Maier-Flaigs: The church on the Weißenhof ; in: Otto Friedrich: Evangelical churches in the deanery Weinsberg - picture reading book ; ed. Ev. Dean's Office Weinsberg, 2003, page 56
  3. ^ Karin Freudenberger: Park cemetery in Weinsberg: A dignified place of mourning and memory . In: Heilbronn voice . November 11, 2017.
  4. ^ A b Paul-Gerhard Seitz: On the history and development of the Weinsberg sanatorium from the 3rd Reich to 1975. Weissenhof-Verlag Dr. Jens Kunow, Heilbronn 1993, ISBN 3-923067-82-2 , pp. 25-27
  5. ↑ Gleinig / Gabrysch 1983, pp. 9 and 37-42.
  6. ^ Joachim Kinzinger: Criminals and addicts in the new building . In: Heilbronn voice . July 26, 2007, p. 30 .
  7. ↑ Thomas Dorn: Getting closer to the patient . In: Heilbronn voice . June 28, 2007, p. 31 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on September 21, 2012]).
  8. ↑ Official ceremony for the inauguration of the Heilbronn Psychiatric Day Clinic ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . Press release of the Klinikum am Weissenhof from June 29, 2007 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.klinikum-weissenhof.de
  9. ↑ Herbert Kaletta: Bundling the forces . In: Heilbronn voice . August 1, 2009 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on August 2, 2009]).
  10. ↑ Neurology relocation is a logistical show of strength . In: Heilbronn voice . December 28, 2010 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on April 13, 2013]).
  11. ↑ Ulrike Bauer-Dörr: First address for stroke patients . In: Heilbronn voice . February 5, 2011 ( from Stimme.de [accessed on April 13, 2013]).

literature

  • G. Weinland: Festschrift to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Weinsberg Sanatorium on November 25, 1928 . Weinsberg 1928
    Outline of the early years by Chief Medical Officer G. Weinland, director of the sanatorium
  • WR Gleinig and W. Gabrysch: The Weissenhof in the 3rd Reich . Weinsberg 1983

Web links

Commons : Klinikum am Weissenhof  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 49 ° 9 ′ 56 ″  N , 9 ° 17 ′ 36 ″  E