Puccinia enceliae
| Puccinia enceliae | ||||||||||||
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Puccinia enceliae | ||||||||||||
| Dietel & Holway |
Puccinia enceliae is a stand fungal art from the order of the rust fungi (Pucciniales). The fungus is an endoparasite of various composites . Symptoms of the infestation by the species are rust spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces of the host plants. It is common in much of America .
features
Macroscopic features
Puccinia enceliae can only be recognized with the naked eye by means of the spore beds protruding on the surface of the host. They grow in nests that appear as yellowish to brown spots and pustules on the leaf surfaces.
Microscopic features
The mycelium of Puccinia enceliae grows as with all Puccinia TYPES intercellular and forms Saugfäden that grow into the storage tissue of the host. Their spermogonia grow on the upper side of the host leaves. The aecia of the species, which usually grow on the underside of the leaves, are low and form small groups. They have 18–24 × 16–21 µm in size, cinnamon-brown and spherical to ellipsoidal aeciospores with a warty surface. The uredia of the fungus, which mainly grow on the underside of the leaves, are cinnamon brown. Their uredospores are 20–24 × 19–23 µm in size, angular, egg-shaped to spherical, cinnamon-brown and spiky. The parts of the species growing underneath the leaves are black-brown, compact and uncovered. The chestnut-brown teliospores are two-celled, usually ovoid to ellipsoidal and 36–46 × 22–26 µm in size. Their stem is colorless and up to 125 µm long.
distribution
The known distribution area of Puccinia enceliae extends from South America to the northern USA .
ecology
The host plants of Puccinia enceliae are Enceliopsis nudicaulis , Helianthus argophyllus and various Simsia , Tithonia and Viguiera species. The fungus feeds on the nutrients present in the storage tissue of the plants, its spore beds later break through the leaf surface and release spores. The species goes through a development cycle with Spermogonia, Aecien, Telien and Uredien, but does not change host.
meaning
Puccinia enceliae is being tested in South Africa for biological pest control of the invasive sunflower family Tithonia diversifolia .
literature
- George Baker Cummins : Rust Fungi on Legumes and Composites in North America . University of Arizona Press, Tucson 1978, ISBN 0-8165-0653-1 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ DO Simelane, KV Mawela, A. Fourie: Prospective Agents for the Biological Control of Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) SFBlake and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray (Asteraceae) in South Africa. In: African Entomology. 19 (2), 2011, pp. 443-450. doi: 10.4001 / 003.019.0223 .