Quagga triangular clam
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Quagga clam ( Dreissena rostriformis bugensis ) |
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| Dreissena rostriformis bugensis | ||||||||||||
| Andrusov , 1897 |
The quagga triangular clam ( Dreissena rostriformis bugensis ) is a subspecies that belongs to the family of triangular clams . Sometimes it is also viewed as an independent species ( Dreissena bugensis ). Originally distributed in tributaries of the Black Sea , it occurs as a neozoon in Europe and North America .
features
The shape and size of the shell are similar to that of the migrating mussel . However, the quagga triangular mussel, in contrast to the wandering mussel, is characterized by the absence of a sharp keel and a strongly rounded ventral side. The coloring is very variable. There are dark brown individuals, some of which are striped light brown, but also very dark and almost white specimens. The mean shell length measured in specimens on the Main was 17.2 mm, the largest individuals (from the Danube ) had a shell length of 32.3 mm.
Way of life
The quagga clam is a freshwater mussel that also tolerates brackish water with a low salt content. The mussels attach themselves with their byssus threads to a hard substrate, usually on the underside of stones or on concrete walls. The animals are separate sexes and have planktonic larvae.
distribution
The mouth areas of the Southern Bug , Dnepr and Inhulez rivers on the Black Sea (Ukraine) are assumed to be the original range of the quagga clam . The mussel first spread from there to Eastern Europe (Russia), probably beginning in the 1940s. In the 1990s, it was introduced to North America (especially in the Great Lakes region , but also west of the Rocky Mountains) , presumably via shipping . Today it is widespread in different regions of Europe (Romania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Austria, France, the Netherlands and Germany).
In 2005, the quagga triangular mussel was detected for the first time in Germany. So far it has colonized the following rivers: Danube, Main-Danube Canal, Main, Rhine, Mittelland Canal, and other connected canals (Wesel-Datteln Canal, Dortmund-Ems Canal, Rhine-Herne Canal, Datteln-Hamm Canal, Elbe-Lübeck Canal).
It was first detected in Switzerland in 2015. The mussel was first encountered in Lake Constance in 2016 , where it has been spreading en masse ever since.
Systematics
Within the genus Dreissena , the quagga three- sided mussel belongs to the subgenus Pontodreissena together with its sister taxon Dreissena rostriformis rostriformis . They form the sister group to the subgenera Carinodreissena and Dreissena .
Problem
While the closely related Dreissena rostriformis rostriformis has a rather limited distribution area in the Caspian Sea , the quagga triangular mussel is currently spreading more and more. In the newly populated regions it can make up a considerable part of the biomass and seems to displace the ecologically similar migrating mussel there. With the help of its byssus threads, it can overgrow large mussels and other molluscs and thus poses a problem for these organisms. The overgrown animals are restricted in their movement and can, for. B. no longer close their shells.
The mussel settles in the technical systems, microsieve and pipes of the waterworks; Since 2016, cleaning has required high personnel costs at Lake Constance water supply .
literature
- Katharina CM Heiler, Sascha Brandt, Parm V. von Oheimb: Introduction into Dreissena rostriformis bugensis and observations of attachment on native molluscs in the Main River (Bivalvia: Veneroida: Dreissenidae). In: Communications from the German Malacoological Society. Volume 84, 2011, 53-58.
- Gerard van der Velde, Sanjeevi Rajagopal, Abraham bij de Vaate: From zebra mussels to quagga mussels: an introduction to the Dreissenidae. In: Gerard van der Velde, Sanjeevi Rajagopal, Abraham bij de Vaate (eds.): The zebra mussel in Europe. Weikersheim 2010, pp. 1-10.
- Carola Fuchs: The fight against mussels costs millions - The Lake Constance water supply has to spend huge sums of money to keep the quagga mussel out of its pipes. , in Stuttgarter Zeitung on November 13, 2019, page 7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Miriam Imo, Alfred Seitz, Jes Johannesen: Distribution and invasion genetics of the quagga mussel (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) in German rivers. In: Aquatic Ecology. Volume 44, 2010, pp. 731-740.
- ↑ Marina Orlova, Thomas Therriault, Pavel Antonov, Gregory Kh. Shcherbina: Invasion ecology of quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis): a review of evolutionary and phylogenetic impacts. In: Aquatic Ecology. Volume 39, 2005, pp. 401-418.
- ↑ Mikhail O. Son: Native range of the zebra mussel and quagga mussel and new data on their invasions within the Ponto-Caspian Region. In: Aquatic Invasions. Volume 2, 2007, pp. 174-184.
- ↑ Katharina CM Heiler, Sascha Brandt, Christian Albrecht, Torsten Hauffe, Thomas Wilke: A new approach for dating introduction events of the quagga mussel ( Dreissena rostriformis bugensis ). In: Biological Invasions. Volume 14, 2012, pp. 1311-1316.
- ↑ Abraham bij de Vaate, Jean-Nicolas Beisel: Range expansion of the quagga mussel Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) in Western Europe: first observation from France. In: Aquatic Invasions. Volume 6, 2011, pp. S71-S74.
- ↑ Eawag: Water Research Institute of the ETH Domain: Stowaways on boat transports. In: admin.ch. The Federal Council - the portal of the Swiss government, June 25, 2015, accessed on May 18, 2020 . .
- ↑ New animal species are spreading in Lake Constance. In: vorarlberg.orf.at. August 23, 2018, accessed December 20, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Lake Constance: Shell causes problems. In: schweizerbauer.ch. December 2, 2019, accessed December 2, 2019 .
- ^ Christian Albrecht, Roland Schultheiß, Theodoros Kevrekidis, Bruno Streit, Thomas Wilke: Invaders or endemics? Molecular phylogenetics, biogeography and systematics of Dreissena in the Balkans. In: Freshwater Biology. Volume 52, No. 8, 2007, pp. 1525-1536.