Black fish

Black fish
Hyperoglyph perciformis
Systematics
Sub-cohort : Neoteleostei Acanthomorphata Spinefish (Acanthopterygii) Perch relatives (Percomorphaceae) Order : Scombriformes Family : Black fish
Scientific name
Centrolophidae
Bonaparte , 1846

The black fish (Centrolophidae), also called black mackerel or jellyfish , belong to the order Scombriformes . They live in all tropical and temperate parts of the world's oceans , with the exception of the central Indian Ocean and the central Pacific . The black fish ( Centrolophus niger ) is the only " medusa fish-like " in the cold North Atlantic (near Iceland ), the genus Icichthys the only "medusa-like" genus in the North Pacific (near Alaska ).

features

They are laterally flattened, often high-backed animals. The head is scaly and pore-rich. They are usually gray, brown or dark green in color. Their eyes are often golden. The mouth is small to medium-sized, but reaches at least under the eye. The teeth are small, conical and sit in a row. Vomer and palate are toothless. The dorsal fin is continuous. Either there are zero to five weak hard rays in front , which gradually lead to the soft rays (in the first three genera), or in front there are 5 to 9 short spines without connection to the dorsal fin (in the last three genera). The anal fin has three hard and 12 to 38 soft rays. Characteristic (at least) of the Stromateidae and Centrolophidae are the so-called "pharyngeal sacs", pharyngeal enlargements of the uppermost esophagus with tooth or branchioctenia-like formations that serve to manipulate food, but have not been well studied.

Young fish live in the protection of jellyfish or driftwood. The old animals are also often hidden in flotsam, seaweed or shipwrecks. Schedophilus medusophagus lives up to a depth of 600 meters above ground overgrown with gorgonians .

Black fish eat small fish, salps , jellyfish, hydrozoans and crabs .

Systematics

There are 31 species in seven genera:

Black fish ( Centrolophus niger )

Hyperoglyph antarctica

Icichthys lockingtoni

Schedophilus maculatus

Seriolella caerulea

• Centrolophus
  • Black fish ( Centrolophus niger ) ( Gmelin , 1789) .
• Hyperoglyph
  • Hyperoglyph antarctica (Carmichael, 1819) .
  • Hyperoglyph bythites (Ginsburg, 1954) .
  • Hyperoglyph japonica (Döderlein, 1884) .
  • Hyperoglyph macrophthalma (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1915) .
  • Hyperoglyph perciformis (Mitchill, 1818) .
  • Hyperoglyph pringlei (Smith, 1949) .
• Icichthys
  • Icichthys australis (Haedrich, 1966) .
  • Icichthys lockingtoni ( Jordan & Gilbert, 1880) .
• Psenopsis
  • Psenopsis anomala ( Temminck & Schlegel , 1844) .
  • Psenopsis cyanea ( Alcock , 1890) .
  • Psenopsis humerosa (Munro, 1958) .
  • Psenopsis intermedia (Piotrovsky, 1987) .
  • Psenopsis obscura (Haedrich, 1967) .
  • Psenopsis shojimai (Ochiai & Mori, 1965) .
• Schedophilus
  • Schedophilus griseolineatus (Norman, 1937) .
  • Schedophilus haedrichi (Chirichigno F., 1973) .
  • Schedophilus huttoni (Waite, 1910) .
  • Schedophilus maculatus ( Günther , 1860) .
  • Schedophilus medusophagus (Cocco, 1839) .
  • Schedophilus ovalis ( Cuvier , 1833) .
  • Schedophilus pemarco (Poll, 1959) .
  • Schedophilus velaini (Sauvage, 1879) .
• Seriolella
  • Seriolella brama (Günther, 1860) .
  • Seriolella caerulea (Guichenot, 1848) .
  • Seriolella porosa ( Richardson , 1845) .
  • Seriolella punctata ( Forster , 1801) .
  • Seriolella tinro (Gavrilov, 1973) .
  • Seriolella violacea (Guichenot, 1848) .
• Tubbia
  • Tubbia stewarti Last et al., 2013 .
  • Tubbia tasmanica (Whitley, 1943) .

literature

• Joseph S. Nelson : Fishes of the World. 4th edition. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken NJ et al. 2006, ISBN 0-471-25031-7 .
• Kurt Fiedler: Fish (= textbook of special zoology. Vol. 2: Vertebrates. Part. 2). Gustav Fischer, Jena 1991, ISBN 3-334-00338-8 .

Web links

Commons : Centrolophidae  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

• Black fish on Fishbase.org (English)