Black oak
| Black oak | ||||||||||||
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Black oak ( Quercus marilandica ) |
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| Quercus marilandica | ||||||||||||
| Münchh. |
The black oak ( Quercus marilandica ) is a deciduous tree belonging to the oak genus. Their natural range is in the eastern United States .
description
The black oak is a small, deciduous tree or shrub , about 10 m to rarely 15 m high, slowly growing and gnarled . Its bark is black-gray, rough, thick and torn into small fields. The inner bark is orange in color. Young twigs are tomentose in the first year, and bald and brown in the second year. The leaves are broadly obovate, usually 7 to 20 centimeters long and just as wide, coarse with a blunt tip and rounded base. The upper third is flat with three to five lobes. The lobes are rounded and often provided with a short, bristly awn. The upper side of the leaf is glossy dark green and initially covered with star hair, the underside of the leaf is lighter and rust-colored hairy. The petiole is 1 to 2 inches long. The leaves turn brown or yellow in autumn. The fruits are oblong ovoid about 2 inches long and sit individually or in pairs on a thick, short and hairy stalk. Around one third to one half of them are surrounded by hairy fruit cups with wide, pressed scales . The black oak flowers in spring, the fruits ripen in the second year after flowering.
Distribution and ecology
The distribution area of the black oak is in the east of the USA and extends from the northeast to Florida and the Prairie States. There it grows in species-poor forests and groups of trees on moderately dry to fresh, acidic to neutral and sandy soils in sunny to light-shaded locations at heights of up to 900 meters. However, they are not found on calcareous soils. The species loves warmth and is sensitive to frost.
Systematics and research history
The black oak ( Quercus marilandica ) is a species from the oak genus . She was Otto von Munchausen in 1770 in the fifth volume of his six-volume work The house had first described . Synonyms of the species are Quercus nigra Wangh. non L. and Quercus firruginea Michx.
use
The wood is rarely and mostly only used as firewood, but the species is attractive because of its remarkable autumn color. The Choctaw use parts of the tree for cramping and childbirth support.
literature
- Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , p. 503.
- Schütt, Schuck, Stimm: Lexicon of tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 429 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 503
- ↑ a b c d Quercus marilandica. In: Flora of North America Vol. 3. www.eFloras.org, accessed June 4, 2011 .
- ↑ a b c Schütt et al .: Lexicon of Tree and Shrub Species, p. 429
- ↑ Quercus marilandica. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed June 4, 2011 .