Salt amber snail
| Salt amber snail | ||||||||||||
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Salt Amber Snail ( Quickella arenaria ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Quickella | ||||||||||||
| Boettger, 1939 | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Quickella arenaria | ||||||||||||
| ( Potiez & Michaud , 1838) |
The salt amber snail ( Quickella arenaria , Syn .: Catinella arenaria , Catinella (Quickella) arenaria ) is a species of the amber snail family (Succineidae) from the suborder of the terrestrial pulmonate (Stylommatophora). It is the only species in the Quickella Boettger genus , 1939.
features
The mostly reddish amber-colored case is up to 9 mm high, up to 4.5 mm wide and has three to four, strongly curved turns, which are set off by a deep seam. The mouth is rounded-egg-shaped and the mouth height takes up about half of the total height. The shell is thin, but solid-walled and hardly translucent. The surface is matt and shows rather coarse, irregular growth stripes. The housing is orange-reddish in color to reddish-amber, but is often covered with a crust of dirt for camouflage.
The soft body is black on the top and dark gray on the underside. The sole of the foot is indistinctly divided into three parts in the longitudinal direction. In the genital apparatus, the spermatic duct is quite short and enters the penis apically through a simple pore. The penis is also simple, without an epiphallus and without a penile sheath. The thin-walled penis has two or three fleshy longitudinal folds on the inner wall, which are covered with numerous microscopic papillae. The penile retractor muscle attaches to the apex of the penis right next to the entrance to the spermatic duct. A black pigment spot is formed here. The free fallopian tube is also quite short, the vagina is even extremely short and has a muscle ring. The stem of the seminal vesicle, on the other hand, is long and very slender.
Similar species
The species is difficult to distinguish from the small amber snail ( Succinella oblonga ) from a morphological point of view. The whorls increase a little faster, so that the shell of the salt amber snail has a little fewer turns of the same size. The soft body of the salt amber snail is dark gray to black, that of the small amber snail is dark gray. The mouth is a bit wider and more rounded. A reliable distinction between the two types is only possible by examining the genital apparatus. Compared to the small amber snail, both the spermatic duct, the fallopian tube and the vagina are significantly shorter. The penis has no epiphallus and no penile sheath. The retractor muscle attaches to the apex of the penis. The stem of the seminal vesicle is much longer.
Geographical distribution and habitat
The range of the species is (or was) largely limited to the coasts of northern Spain, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, northwestern Germany, Sweden ( Öland , Gotland ), England ( northern Devonshire ) and Ireland ( County Mayo ). It occurs only in a few localities inland, for example in central Ireland, in the mountains of central Scandinavia, in southern and southeastern Switzerland, northern Italy (?), France (northwestern Alpes-Maritimes ), Spanish Pyrenees in central Slovakia ( Tisovec ) and in Poland ( Kielce ). However, little is known about the actual distribution area. A new deposit was only recently discovered in the province of Castellón ( Autonomous Region of Valencia , Spain). So far, evidence from Northwest Africa has also been overlooked. Some found reports can also be based on mix-ups.
It lives there in damp, little overgrown hollows in the coastal sand dunes, on open muddy areas of swamps, but still with small areas with running water that are not deeply flooded, on sandy or muddy, calcareous soils. In Switzerland it occurs up to an altitude of 2200 m above sea level.
Taxonomy
The taxon was first described in 1838 by Valery Louis Victor Potiez and André Louis Gaspard Michaud as Succinea arenaria . In the literature, the taxon can often be found with Nicolas Robert Bouchard-Chantereaux as the author and the year 1837 as the publication date. The earliest date on which the work of Bouchard-Chantereaux could be verified is November 10, 1838, while the work by Potiez & Michaud (1838) was published on October 27, 1838. Under the current state therefore has Succinea arenaria Potiez & Michaud, 1838 priority over Succinea arenaria Bouchard-Chantereaux, 1838. After a very detailed study of Succinea arenaria by Hamilton Ernest Quick and those established in differences to the other species of the genus Succinea struck Caesar cipher Rudolf Boettger proposed the new Quickella genus for this species in 1939 . As early as 1870, William Harper Pease established the genus Catinella for a species on the Hawaiian Islands that shows similarity in the sexual apparatus. Therefore Quickella was considered partly as a synonym , partly as a subgenus of Catinella Pease, 1870. The case of Catinella is ear-shaped with only 1.5 to two turns, and there are also significant differences in the genital system. The penis is very short in Catinella , the seminal vesicle very large, in each case in comparison to the proportions in Quickella . Therefore, Quickella Boettger is now recognized as a valid genus ( Schileyko , Welter Schultes ).
Danger
The relic occurrences are endangered by drainage measures. In Germany the species has disappeared or is extinct, the last record is from 1988. In England, Ireland and Switzerland it is considered endangered ( Welter Schultes ).
supporting documents
literature
- Fechter, Rosina & Gerhard Falkner 1990: Mollusks. 287 p., Mosaik-Verlag, Munich (Steinbach's Nature Guide 10) ISBN 3-570-03414-3 (p. 166)
- Kerney, Michael P., RAD Cameron & Jürgen H. Jungbluth 1983: The land snails of Northern and Central Europe. 384 p., Paul Parey, Hamburg & Berlin ISBN 3-490-17918-8 (p. 78/9)
- Anatolij A. Schileyko: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 15 Oopeltidae, Anadenidae, Arionidae, Philomycidae, Succineidae, Athoracophoridae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 2049-2210, Moscow 2007 ISSN 0136-0027 (pp. 2076, 2078)
- Francisco W. Welter-Schultes: European non-marine molluscs, a guide for species identification = identification book for European land and freshwater mollusks. A1-A3 S., 679 S., Q1-Q78 S., Göttingen, Planet Poster Ed., 2012 ISBN 3-933922-75-5 , ISBN 978-3-933922-75-5
- Wiese, Vollrath 2014: Germany's land snails. 352 pp., Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim ISBN 978-3-494-01551-4 (p. 43)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b A. Martínez-Ortí: Sobre el hallazgo de una nueva población en España de Quickella arenaria (Potiez & Michaud, 1835) (Gastropoda: Succineidae). Noticiario SEM, 57: 57-61, 2012 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ MB Seddon, DT Holyoak: Land gastropoda of NW. Africa. New distributional data and nomenclature. Journal of Conchology, 34: 311-323, 1993 abstract
- ^ Valery Louis Victor Potiez Potiez, Michaud: Galerie des mollusques, ou catalog méthodique, descriptif et raisonné des mollusques et coquilles du Muséum de Douai . Tome premier. SI-XXXVI, p. 1–560 + atlas with 56 plates, Paris, Londres, Baillière 1838 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 67)
- ↑ Nicolas Robert Bouchard-Chantereaux: Catalog des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles observés jusqu'à ce jour à l'état vivant dans le département du Pas-de-Calais. Boulogne, Impr. De Le Roy-Mabille, 1838 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org . (P. 54)
- ↑ D. Kadolsky: Nomenclatural comments on non-marine molluscs occurring in the British Isles. Journal of Conchology, 41 (1): 65-90. London 2012.
- ↑ Hamilton Ernest Quick: The Anatomy of British Succineae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society, 20: 295-318, London 1933
- ↑ Caesar-Rudolf Boettger: Remarks on the amber snails (Fam. Succineidae) occurring in Germany. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 127 (3/4): 49-64, Leipzig 1939.
- ^ William Harper Pease: Observations sur les espèces de coquilles terrestres qui habitent l'île de Kauai (îles Hawaii), accompagnées de descriptions. Journal de Conchyliologie, 18: 87-97, Paris 1870 Online at www.biodiversitylibrary.org (p. 97).
- ↑ JH Jungbluth, D. von Knorre (with the assistance of U. von Bössneck, K. Groh, E. Hackenberg, H. Kobialka, G. Körnig, H. Menzel-Harloff, H.-J. Niederhöfer, S. Petrick, K Schniebs, V. Wiese, W. Wimmer, ML Zettler): Red list of internal mollusks [snails (Gastropoda) and mussels (Bivalvia)] in Germany. Announcements of the German Malacoological Society, 81: 1-28, Frankfurt / M. 2009 PDF ( Memento of the original from June 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (1.3 MB)
Web links
- Molluscs of central Europe
- Quickella arenaria inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . Posted by: Steffek, J., 1996. Retrieved October 15, 2013.