Roman stone monuments from Nagytétény

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Roman stone monuments from Nagytétény have been known since the 18th century and come from the burial grounds and the surroundings of the camp village ( vicus ) at the Nagytétény fort ( Campona in Latin ) . This once for monitoring the Pannonian Donaulimes competent Roman equestrian camp is now in the Hungarian Nagytétény . This formerly independent municipality is located on the south-western outskirts of the Hungarian capital Budapest in the 22nd district .

The inscription finds, which are relatively rich for a vicus , especially from the gravestones and altars of military personnel, occupy a large part of the inventory.

  • A grave stele for Tersus Precionis from the Celtic tribe of the Skordisker , who died in the 16th year of service as "Eques" (rider) and Custos armorum (master-at-arms) of the Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana , was made by the archaeologist Barnabás Lőrincz (1951-2012) between Attributed to 80 and 105. His former squadron leader ( Decurio ) Lobasinus, who was also mentioned , had apparently joined Teuton and his unit probably before 70 in Lower Germany.
  • The tombstone of Lucius Aurelius Sequens, a Roman citizen from the Hispanic Saragossa (Caesaraugusta) in the Aniensis district, dates from the period between 95 and 100 . The deceased served in Aquincum with the Legio II Adiutrix lying there .
  • A grave stele from the 2nd century names Ulpius Valentinus, who died at the age of 45, who was a rider in an unspecified Ala , and his son Valentinus, who died at the age of 12. His heirs, the daughter Meitima and a certain Aelius Provincialis, had the tombstone erected.
  • The Alen Prefect Domitius Magnus donated an altar for Aesculapius , the god of healing, and the goddess of health, Hygieia . An Ala Severiana and the Ala I Thracum Veterana stationed in Nagytétény are also mentioned on the only fragmentary stone . It is no longer clear which unit Domitius Magnus commanded.
  • Actarius Alae Aurelius Regulianus consecrated an altar to the shepherd and forest god Silvanus Domesticus . As Actarius , the military officer Aurelius Regulianus combined the offices of a paymaster and a catering officer in the staff building of the Alenkastell.
  • A now lost consecration stone to Genius , discovered in 1847, was erected by a Titus Iulus Ovinianus on the basis of a pledge.
  • The grave stele of the veteran of Legio II Adiutrix , Marcus Iulius Probus, who died at the age of 54 and was found walled up in a garden wall in the 18th century, gives a good insight into a family whose existence depended on military service. In addition to Marcus Iulius Probus, who is referred to as father , the inscription commemorates his brother Caius Iulius Honoratus, who died at the age of 22 and who had served as a simple soldier in the Cohors milliaria Numidarum for three years until his death . This troop, perhaps after the Marcomann Wars (166–180), moved to the provinces, was probably stationed in the nearby Budapest-Albertfalva castle from that time - according to Lőrincz . In addition, the stone adorned with a picture of a married couple and a child was intended for mother Aelia Decorata, who was still alive when it was erected. The construction was initiated by her son Caius lulius Probianus, who was a candidatus legionis (most likely the name for a candidate for the centurionate ), as well as other brothers , as the inscription reveals. The dating of this grave stele is presumed to have been between 190 and 250.
  • The treuesten wife , Aelia Marcella, who lived for 19 years, for Aelia Vera, who died at 55 years-in-law, and for himself as well as his equally surviving son Aurelius Magnianus has built a portrait telephoto 193-235 Marcus Aurelius Zosimus.
  • In 1859, when the railway was being built, a grave stele was found in a late antique burial place, which was made between 194 and 250. She names the deceased Antonius Filoquirius, a member of the college of priests in the Colonia Aquincensium . His wife, Vibia Serapia, had the stone set up.
  • Due to the fulfillment of a vow to Jupiter , the father of the gods , Iulius Euticus had a rectangular votive tablet made of limestone, which can be dated very precisely because of the appointment of the emperor , and which was recovered from a late Roman grave in 1851 for secondary use. The piece was written between 197 and 209. The name of the later emperor Geta , who was also mentioned there, fell into the Damnatio memoriae after his death in 211 and was chiseled out.
  • The reused limestone fragment with the dedication of a Duplicarius of Ala I Thracum veterana Antoniniana comes from a late Roman grave . The stone, discovered in 1851, originally came from the years between 198 and 222. Only the Thracian nickname of the consecrator, Mucatra , remained on it. A Duplicarius received double pay and was a subordinate rank within a squadron (Turma).
  • The limestone sarcophagus of Aurelia Severa, who lived 22 years, 6 months and 15 days, was discovered in 1959 at Angeli-Straße 25 in the garden of the Lindenmayer family. It was made between 200 and 250. It was taken from the deceased's husband after 25 years in the military dismissed veteran Marcus Aurelius Asclepiades and names the still living little daughter of the two, the very dearest Ulpia Ursa. The limestone sarcophagus of Aurelia Marcellina, who died young in childbed, was also made between 200 and 250. Her husband, the Thrace-born Beneficiarius consularis (a beneficiary from the staff of the consular governor) Iulius Victorinus and the father of the deceased, Aurelius Petalaius, made their grief clear through the preserved grave poem.
  • The grave stele of Aurelius Iulius, which was also made between 200 and 250 and whose inscription also mentions other Aurelians, indicates a family grave. Aurelius Iulius was a former squadron leader of the Ala I Thracum who left his living wife Aurelia. Aurelia Maximiana, who were 27 years old, and Aurelius Caesius, who lived in Lower Pannonia as veterans of an elite unit stationed in Rome, the Cohors X Praetoria (10th Praetorian cohort), were also named as dead . The next named deceased is Aurelius Caesius, who also served in a privileged position as Exercitator equitum praetorianorum (drill master of the Praetorian cavalry). He is followed in the list by Aurelius Crescentinus, who died after three years of service as a simple soldier in the Legio II Adiutrix at the age of 21. Her sons and Claudius Pertinax, a Strator Consularis , had the tombstone erected. The military rank of a Strator Consularis is assessed very differently in the literature. He ranges from the groom or stableman on the staff of the consular governor or military commander to the transportation officer commonly used in Great Britain .
  • In the year 210/211 (consul dating) an Oetcius VB Corvinus dedicated an altar of thanks to Hercules Augustus, which is now lost.
  • The veteran and former squadron leader Valerius Valens thanked the sun god Mithras . Its unit named on the consecration stone found in 1934, the Ala I Thracum veterana , limits the period of time.
  • According to Lőrincz, an altar for the forest goddess Silvana Augusta is said to have been built between 222 and 235, which the Alen veteran Aurelius Lipor, his son, the legionary soldier Aurelius Valens of the Legio II Adiutrix , and his daughter Aurelia Severa set.
  • At the age of 55, the expensive wife Septimia Iunila of Publius Aelius Constans, who served as master-at-arms in the Legio II Adiutrix and who had planned the tombstone placed between 230 and 260 for himself during his lifetime, died. Septimia Iunila left a daughter named Constantina.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Barnabás Lőrincz: The Roman auxiliaries in Pannonia during the Principate's time. Part I: The Inscriptions. Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-902086-02-5 , p. 129.
  2. ↑ CIL 3, 3400 .
  3. ^ Zsolt Mráv in: Péter Kovács , Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 . No. 1009 ( illustration , data sheet at ubi-erat-lupa.org).
  4. ↑ Bence Fehér in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1012/2.
  5. ↑ CIL 3, 3401 .
  6. ↑ CIL 3, 3388 .
  7. ↑ CIL 3, 3392 .
  8. ↑ Ádám Szabó in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 999.
  9. ↑ CIL 3, 3389 .
  10. ↑ Barnabás Lőrincz: The Roman auxiliaries in Pannonia during the Principate's time. Part I: The Inscriptions. Research Society of Vienna City Archeology. Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-902086-02-5 , p. 40.
  11. ↑ CIL 3, 3398 .
  12. ^ Zsolt Mráv in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1016.
  13. ↑ CIL 3, 3403 .
  14. ↑ CIL 3, 3402 .
  15. ↑ Ádám Szabó in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1007.
  16. ↑ CIL 3, 3394 .
  17. ↑ Ádám Szabó in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1004.
  18. ↑ CIL 3, 3391 .
  19. ^ Zsolt Mráv in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010. ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1014.
  20. ↑ Hubert Petersmann, Rudolf Kettemann (ed.): Latin vulgaire - latin tardif. Actes du V. Colloque International sur le Latin Vulgaire et Tardif: Heidelberg, 5 - 8 September 1997. Verlag Niemeyer Heidelberg 1999, ISBN 3-8253-0877-4 , p. 166.
  21. ↑ Carmina Latina Epigraphica (CLE) 555.
  22. ↑ CIL 3, 3397 .
  23. ↑ CIL 3, 3395 .
  24. ↑ Ádám Szabó in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1000.
  25. ↑ CIL 3, 3390 .
  26. ^ Zsolt Mráv in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 . No. 1001.
  27. ↑ CIL 3, 3393 .
  28. ^ Zsolt Mráv in: Péter Kovács, Ádám Szabó (eds.): Tituli Aquincenses. Volume 2: Tituli Sepulcrales et alii Budapestini reperti. Pytheas Publishing House, Budapest 2010, ISBN 978-963-9746-73-2 , No. 1015.
  29. ↑ CIL 3, 3399 .