Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana

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The tombstone of the two brothers Mulsus and Litucenus ( AE 1986, 598 )

The Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana [Alexandriana] [Antoniniana] [Philippiana] ( German  1. Ala der Tungerer des Fronto [the Alexandrian] [the Antoninian] [the Philippian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps. In the diplomas from 80 to 114 and most of the inscriptions it is called Ala Frontoniana .

Name components

  • Tungrorum : the Tungerer . The soldiers of the Ala were recruited from the Germanic tribe of the Tungerer when the unit was established.
  • Frontoniana : of the fronto. One of the first commanders of the unit was possibly Lucius Iulius Fronto , listed in the inscription ( CIL 12, 2393 ) , after whom the Ala was named.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition occurs in the inscriptions ( CIL 3, 795 , ILD 796 ).
  • Philippiana : the Philippian. An honorary title that refers to Philip Arabs (244–249). The addition appears in the inscription ( AE 2006, 1127 ).

Since there is no reference to the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was an Ala quingenaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 480 men, consisting of 16 towers with 30 riders each.

history

The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Germania , Dalmatia , Pannonia, and Dacia Porolissensis (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 80 to 165 AD.

The unit was set up during the reign of Augustus . She was stationed in the province of Germania inferior until 70/71 . During the reign of Emperor Vespasian (69-79) it was moved to Dalmatia for some time between 70/71 and 80 and then to Pannonia in the Campona castle, which was probably built by this troop in wood . Usually this relocation is ascribed to the final years of the reign of Emperor Domitian (81–96). The grave stele of a Celtic horseman and warden and his Germanic squadron leader recovered in Campona was ascribed to the period between 80 and 105 by the archaeologist Barnabás Lőrincz (1951–2012). The archaeologist László Kocsis dated the building period of Campona in the early 2nd century. The first evidence in the province of Pannonia is based on a diploma dated 80. The diploma lists the Ala as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 83 to 114, prove unity in the same province. After the organizational division of the province into two parts after 103/106, the troops still stationed in Campona are named in the diplomas from 110 in Pannonia inferior . During the reign of Emperor Trajan (98–117), the troops were relocated at short notice to participate in his Dacer Wars between 101 and 106. She then apparently returned to Campona.

At an unspecified point in time, the unit was relocated to Dacia Porolissensis on the northern border of Dacia, where it is first documented by the inscription ( ILD 796 ), which is dated 131. A diploma is the first time that the unit is 133 in this province. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 151 to 165, prove unity in the same province.

The last evidence of unity is based on the inscription ( AE 2006, 1127 ), which is dated to 244/249.

Locations

Locations of the Ala in Dacia may have been:

Locations of the Ala in Dalmatia were possibly:

Locations of the Ala in Germania were possibly:

Locations of the Ala in Pannonia may have been:

Members of the Ala

The following members of the Ala are known:

Commanders

Others

Another alae called Ala Tungrorum

There was another Ala with this name, the Ala I Tungrorum . She is documented by military diplomas from 98 to 158 and was stationed in the province of Britannia .

See also

literature

  • August Oxe: The Germanic Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana in Asciburgium . In: Bonner Jahrbücher . Volume 135, 1930, p. 71 f.

Web links

Commons : Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ The inscription ( ILD 796 ) was erected in 131 during the reign of Hadrian (117-138) by the unit. The part of the name Antoniniana was added to the inscription later.
  2. ↑ a b The scenario given here is based on two different units: the Ala I Tungrorum , which was stationed in the province of Britannia , and a second unit, the Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana , which was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia and Dacia Porolissensis . John Spaul, however, assumes that the Ala I Tungrorum was merged with the Ala Frontoniana to form Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana around 130 .
  3. ↑ John Spaul assigns Calvus to the Ala I Tungrorum Frontoniana . The reading of ALAE F in the inscription ( AE 1978, 619 ) is controversial (see Paul Holder); the reading in the Clauss-Slaby epigraphy database is [] alae f (ilius) .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c John EH Spaul: Ala². The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army. Nectoreca Press, Andover 1994, ISBN 0-9525062-0-3 , pp. 117-123.
  2. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 161, 163, 170 tables 5, 7, 12 ( PDF pp. 163, 165, 172 ).
  3. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 80 ( CIL 16, 26 ), 83 ( RMD 4, 210 ), 84 ( CIL 16, 30 ), 85 ( CIL 16, 31 ), 110 ( CIL 16, 164 ), 113/115 ( RMD 5 , 347 ), 114 ( AE 2010, 1860 , CIL 16, 61 , RMD 2, 87 , RMD 3, 152 ), 133 ( RMD 1, 35 ), 144/146 ( AE 2010, 1362 ), 151 ( RMD 5, 404 ), 159 ( RMD 1, 47 ), 164 ( AE 2007, 1764 , AMN-2006 / 07-203 , RMD 1, 63 , RMD 1, 64 , RMD 4, 287 ) and 165 ( CIL 16, 185 ).
  4. ^ Rainer Wiegels : Nemeter / Nemetes . In: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde - Naualia - Østfold , Vol. 21, 2002, pp. 66–69; here: p. 69.
  5. ^ Zsolt Visy: The Pannonian Limes in Hungary . Konrad Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 1988, ISBN 3-8062-0488-8 , p. 90.
  6. ↑ Barnabás Lőrincz: The Roman auxiliaries in Pannonia during the Principate's time. Part I: The Inscriptions. Forschungsgesellschaft Wiener Stadtarchäologie, Vienna 2001, ISBN 3-902086-02-5 , p. 129.
  7. ^ László Kocsis: Campona Castellum. In: Zsolt Visy (ed.): The Roman army in Pannonia. Teleki Lázló Foundation 2003, ISBN 963-86388-2-6 , p. 108.
  8. ↑ Danae Richter: The Roman army on the Trajan column. Propaganda and Reality. Weapons and equipment. March, work and fight (= mentor 3). Bibliopolis, 2004, ISBN 3-933925-66-5 , p. 445.
  9. ^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 271-272 ( online ).
  10. ^ Paul Holder: Auxiliaria In: Journal for papyrology and epigraphy . Volume 131 (2000), pp. 213-218, here pp. 217-218 ( PDF pp. 7-8 ).
  11. ↑ HD008043. Epigraphic Database Heidelberg (EDH), accessed on July 23, 2018 .