Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum (Britannia)

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The Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum ( German  3rd cohort from Bracara Augusta ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps. In a diploma of 122 she is referred to as Cohors III Bracarorum , in an inscription as Cohors Bracarum .

Name components

  • Bracaraugustanorum : from the conventus Bracara Augusta . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited when the unit was established in the area of ​​the conventus (iuridicus) Bracara Augusta (with the capital Bracara Augusta ).

Since there are no references to the additions to the name milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a Cohors quingenaria peditata , a pure infantry cohort. The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the province of Britannia . It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 103 to 158.

The first evidence in Britannia is based on a diploma dated 103. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Britannia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 122 to 158, prove unity in the same province.

Locations

Cohort locations in Britannia may have been:

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

In the case of three knightly officers it is not clear in which Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum they served. These include Aulus Seius Zosimianus, who died in Rome, and Marcus Fabius Mettianus, son of Marcus, who later lived with his wife and daughter in Segermes (today: Henchir Harat), in the province of Africa proconsularis, in what is now Tunisia.

Another commanding officer, whose name can be read as […] Cominius Bonus Agricola Laelius Aper according to an investigation by the ancient historian Géza Alföldy (1935–2011) , cannot be clearly located in Britain either. The officer's honorary inscription, known and damaged since 1697, comes from Arelate ( Arles ) in the province of Gallia Narbonensis . […] Cominius Bonus Agricola Laelius Aper, son of Cominius, is named there at the beginning of his military career as a cohort prefect of a Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum . The honored came from the tribe Claudia and belonged to the knightly family of the Cominii, which was based in the northern Italian Colonia Iulia Concordia ( Concordia Sagittaria ). According to Alföldy, […] Cominius Bonus Agricola Laelius Aper could have been the son of C. Cominius Agricola. This father would have lived thereafter in the first half of the 2nd century. The office of procurator Augustorum ad annonam Narbonensis et Liguriae would have […] Cominius Bonus Agricola Laelius Aper after his time as cohort prefect, according to Hans-Georg Pflaum (1902–1979) and Alföldy, probably during the divi fratres in the years 166 to 167.

Commanders

  • M (arcus) Fabius Mettianus, a prefect ( AE 1935, 35 )
  • [T (itus)] Furius Victori [nus], a prefect ( AE 1907, 152 )

Others

Further cohorts with the designation Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum

There were two other cohorts with this designation, see Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum .

See also

literature

  • Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula. Dissertation, 1973 Volume 1 ( PDF ) Volume 2 ( PDF )
  • John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b The scenario given here assumes three different units with the name Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum : the Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum (Britannia) , which was stationed in Britain, the Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum (Raetia) , which was stationed in the province of Raetia and another unit, the Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum (Syria Palaestina) , which was stationed in the province of Iudaea (or Syria Palaestina ).
  2. ↑ a b c d An exact assignment of the listed soldier to one of the three Cohors III Bracaraugustanorum is not possible, since the inscription does not indicate in which province the unit was stationed.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Inscription ( AE 1907, 152 )
  2. ↑ a b Margaret M. Roxan , The Auxilia, pp. 65, 68, 435-438, 741, 743-745.
  3. ^ A b John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 70-71, 92-93.
  4. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 157 Table 1 ( PDF ).
  5. ^ Paul A. Holder : A Roman Military Diploma from Ravenglass, Cumbria. In: Bulletin of the John Rylands Library. Volume 79, number 1 (1997), pp. 3–42, here p. 13 ( PDF ).
  6. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 103 ( CIL 16, 48 ), 122 ( AE 2008, 800 , CIL 16, 69 ), 124 ( CIL 16, 70 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 240 ), 130/131 ( ZPE-156-246 ), 131 ( ZPE-174-189 ), 145 ( CIL 16, 93 ) and 158 ( RMD 5, 420 ).
  7. ↑ Bricks from Manchester ( CIL 7, 1277 , RIB-02-04, 02469.2 , RIB-02-04, 02469.3 )
  8. ↑ brick Melandra Castle ( AE 1977 503 , RIB-02-04, 02469,4 )
  9. ^ AE 1935, 35 :

    Iovi Depulsori
    M (arcus) Fabius M (arci) f (ilius) Papir (ia) Mettianus fl (amen) p (erpetuus) praef (ectus) coh (ortis) III Bracar (augustanorum)
    trib (unus) leg (ionis) XXX Ul (piae) V (ictricis) praef (ectus) eq (uitum) alae Flaviae II H (ispanorum) c (ivium) R (omanorum) voto dedic (avit)
    cum Lartidia uxore et Optata filia

    The translation follows that of the archaeologist Marcus Reuter : “To Jupiter Depulsor (consecrated)! Marcus Fabius Mettianus, son of Marcus, from the tribe Papiria, permanent imperial priest, prefect of the 3rd Bracaraugustan cohort, tribune of the 30th Legion Ulpia Victrix , equestrian prefect of the 2nd Ala Flavia Hispanorum of Roman citizens has consecrated (this altar) on the basis of a vow , together with his wife Lartidia and their daughter Optata. ”Source: Marcus Reuter: Legio XXX Ulpia Victrix. Their history, their soldiers, their monuments . (= Xantener reports 23) Zabern, Darmstadt, Mainz 2012, ISBN 978-3-8053-4586-6 , p. 68.

  10. ↑ CIL 12, 672
  11. ^ Géza Alföldy : Cities, Elites and Society in Gallia Cisalpina. Epigraphic-historical studies . Steiner, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-515-07633-6 , pp. 98-125.