Ala I Thracum Veterana

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The military diploma of AD 139 ( CIL 16, 175 ) issued to a soldier of the Ala I Thracum Veterana

The Ala I Thracum Veterana [sagittariorum or sagittaria] [Antoniniana] [Severiana Alexandriana] ( German  1. Ala the Thracians die veteran [the archers] [the Antoninian] [the Severian Alexandrian] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps.

Name components
  • I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Ala prima ...
  • Thracum : the Thracian . The soldiers of the Ala were recruited from the Thracian people on the territory of the Roman province of Thrace when the unit was established .
  • veterana : the veteran. The addition appears in the military diplomas from 86 to 192 and some inscriptions.
  • sagittariorum or sagittaria : the archer. The addition appears in military diplomas from 139 to 192 and an inscription.
  • Antoniniana : the Antoninian. An honorific designation that refers to Caracalla (211-217) or Elagabal (218-222). The addition appears in two inscriptions.
  • Severiana or Severiana Alexandriana : the Severian or the Severian Alexandrian. An honorary title that refers to Severus Alexander (222-235). The addition appears in two inscriptions.

Since there is no reference to the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was an Ala quingenaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 480 men, consisting of 16 towers with 30 riders each.

history

The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Raetia , Pannonia superior, and Pannonia inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 86 to 192.

The unit was set up at an unknown time in the 1st century AD. It is first proven in Raetia by a diploma that is dated to 86. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Raetia ) that were stationed in the province.

At an unspecified point in time, the Ala was moved to the province of Pannonia superior , where it is first evidenced by a diploma dated 112. The diploma lists the Ala as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated 113 to 115, prove unity in the same province.

Between 115 and 129, the Ala was relocated to the province of Pannonia Inferior , where it is first proven by a diploma dated 129. Other diplomas, dated 135 to 192, prove unity in the same province. The two diplomas of 150 show that the Ala (or a vexillation of the same) was temporarily moved from Pannonia inferior to Mauretania Caesariensis in order to take part in the suppression of an uprising.

The final evidence of unity is based on an inscription on a Roman milestone dated 250/252.

Locations

Locations of the Ala in Pannonia may have been:

Bricks with the stamp of the unit were found near Bad Deutsch-Altenburg . In Bölcske numerous inscriptions were found that were abducted as secondary use of Campona.

Members of the Ala

The following members of the Ala are known:

Commanders

Others

  • Luc (ius) Mar [], a curator ( AE 2001, 1652 )
  • Marcus Aur (Elius) Attianus, a Decurio ( CIL 3, 3351 )
  • M (arcus) Secundini [us] Vitalis, a Decurio ( ILJug 339 )
  • Mucatra, a duplicarius ( CIL 3, 3394 )
  • Octavius, a soldier: the diploma of 139 was issued to him.
  • Oxetius, a soldier: the diploma of 167 was issued to him.
  • P (ublius) Ael (ius) Veranus, a veteran and former Decurio ( AE 1971, 350 )
  • Sep (timius) Fabin (us), a rider ( Boelcske 00028 )
  • Ulp (ius) Civ [es] ( AE 2001, 1652 )
  • Ulpius Titus , a horseman
  • Ulp (ius) Valentinus, a horseman ( CIL 3, 3401 )
  • Val (erius) Em [e] rit (us), a former Decurio ( CIL 3, 10432 )
  • Val (erius) Valens, a veteran and former Decurio ( RHP 189 )
  • Vivius Saturnus, a duplicarius ( CIL 3, 15154 )

See also

Web links

Commons : Ala I Thracum Veterana  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Farkas István Gergő: The Roman Army in Raetia Dissertation, University of Pécs Faculty of Humanities, 2015 ( PDF )
  • John EH Spaul : Ala². The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army. Nectoreca Press, Andover 1994, ISBN 0-9525062-0-3 .

Remarks

  1. ↑ According to Farkas István Gergő Barnabás Lőrincz suggested the following reading of the inscription ( CIL 3, 3388 ): a [l] a [e] [I Thr] a [c] um Severianae [Al] e [xandrian] ae vet (eranae) . The reading of the inscription at EDCS differs from this.
  2. ↑ According to Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl (2007), the transfer could have taken place under Domitian around 92 or under Trajan in connection with the first Dacian war. According to Farkas István Gergő, Barnabás Lőrincz suggested a move between 106 and 117.
  3. ↑ According to John Spaul, the assignment of an inscription to the Ala I Thracum Veterana or the Ala I Thracum Victrix is fundamentally difficult, as both were stationed in the province of Pannonia superior and mostly only the name Ala I Thracum was used on the inscriptions .
  4. ↑ Farkas István Gergő assigns Bellicius Statutus to the Ala I Augusta Thracum , while John Spaul assigns him to the Ala I Thracum Veterana .
  5. ↑ The assignment of the soldier to the unit is uncertain.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Inscriptions with veterana ( AE 1971, 350 , CIL 3, 3388 , CIL 3, 3394 , CIL 3, 3677 , CIL 3, 5883 , RHP 189 ) or veteranorum ( CIL 8, 619 ).
  2. ↑ Inscription with sagittariorum ( CIL 8, 619. )
  3. ↑ Inscriptions with Antoniniana ( CIL 3, 3394 , RHP 185 ).
  4. ↑ Inscriptions with Severiana ( Boelcske 00021 ) and Severiana Alexandriana ( CIL 3, 3388 ).
  5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 86 ( ZPE-163-239 ), 112 ( RMD 4, 223 ), 113 ( RMD 2, 86 ), 115 ( ZPE-180-287 ), 129 ( RMD 1, 34 ), 135 ( RMD 4 , 251 ), 139 ( CIL 16, 175 ), 143 ( RMD 4, 266 ), 146 ( ZPE-171-229 ), 148 ( CIL 16, 179 , CIL 16, 180 ), 150 ( CIL 16, 99 , RMD 4, 273 ), 154 ( ZPE-146-247 ), 154/161 ( RMD 2, 110 ), 157 ( AE 2009, 1079 , RMD 2, 102 , RMD 2, 103 ), 159 ( CIL 16, 112 , CIL 16, 113 ), 162 ( ZPE-173-223 ), 167 ( CIL 16, 123 ) and 192 ( RMD 5, 446 , RMD 5, 447 ).
  6. ^ A b John EH Spaul , Ala², pp. 223-225.
  7. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 163 Table 7 ( PDF p. 165 ).
  8. ↑ a b c Farkas István Gergő, The Roman Army in Raetia, pp. 135-136, 244, 365-372, 442, 473.
  9. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl, Paul Holder: A constitution from the year 152 or 153 for Lower Saxony and British troops, delegated to Mauretania Tingitana In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik (ZPE), Volume 199 (2016), pp. 187-201 , here pp. 190-191, 194 ( online ).
  10. ↑ Inscription ( CIL 3, 10624 ).
  11. ↑ Inscriptions from Campona ( CIL 3, 3388 , CIL 3, 3392 , CIL 3, 3393 , CIL 3, 3394 CIL 3, 3395 , RHP 189 ).
  12. ↑ Inscriptions from Intercisa ( AE 1906, 109 , AE 1910, 138 , RHP 00176 ).
  13. ^ Bricks from Bad Deutsch-Altenburg : Stamp AI THR ( RHP 173 ).
  14. ↑ Inscriptions from Bölcske ( Boelcske 00020 , Boelcske 00021 , Boelcske 00022 , Boelcske 00023 , Boelcske 00024 , Boelcske 00025 , Boelcske 00026 , Boelcske 00028 , Boelcske 00029 , Boelcske 00030 , Boelcske 00031 , Boelcske 00032 ).
  15. ↑ a b c d Zsolt Mráv , József Beszédes, Endre Tóth: The stone monuments of Bölcske - inscriptions and sculptures - catalog. , Hungarian National Museum, Budapest (2003), pp. 103–170, here pp. 103, 129–131, 136 ( online ).
  16. ↑ Werner Eck, Andreas Pangerl: Titus Flavius ​​Norbanus, praefectus praetorio Domitians, as governor of Rätiens in a new military diploma In: ZPE, Volume 163 (2007), pp. 239-251, here pp. 246, 248 ( online ).