Raffaello Giolli

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Raffaello Giolli (born April 4, 1889 in Alessandria ; died January 5, 1945 in Gusen II concentration camp ) was an Italian architecture critic.

Life

Raffaello Giolli was a son of Gaetano Giolli and Emilia Viotti. He attended a strict Catholic high school in Milan and the Lyceum in Novara . He began studying at the University of Pisa and received the Laurea from the University of Bologna . His art history studies focused on Lombard painting and generally on Italian art of the 19th century and contemporary art. Giolli began in 1908 as a journalist for the Milanese art magazine Rassegna d'arte and worked for magazines of the publishing house Alfieri & Lacroix. In 1914 he published an essay on the painter and architect Luigi Conconi .

Giolli was a pacifist and distinguished himself from the war enthusiasm of the futurists Filippo Tommaso Marinetti and Umberto Boccioni . After the end of the war, he was co-founder and engine of the Circolo d'alta cultura in Milan in 1919 .

In 1920 Giolli married the painter Rosa Menni and they had three sons. He took over the editing of the art criticism in the daily Corriere della Sera and in 1923 wrote a series of articles about the Mostra internazionale di arte decorative in Monza .

In 1925 he became a member of the Milanese Accademia libera di cultura e arte des Vincenzo Cento. From 1927 he wrote the column "Milan Chronicle" for the magazine Emporium and between 1933 and 1935 was editor of the monthly magazine Colosseo . In the 1930s he turned to architecture and wrote for Gianni Mazzocchi's magazines Domus and Casabella .

In July 1940 Giolli and his son Paolo were arrested by the Italian secret police Organizzazione di Vigilanza e Repressione dell'Antifascismo (OVRA) and interned in the Istonio Marittimo concentration camp until February 1941 . He then received house arrest in Senago . He moved with the family to Vaciago (near Varese ), where he, still under house arrest, began to study for a book on the history of art of the 19th century. The manuscript was lost in 1944, it was reconstructed by his wife in 1961 and published by Einaudi .

Giolli wrote again for Casabella and Domus , while the editors of the Corriere della sera rejected his texts out of political opportunism towards fascism. After Mussolini's dismissal in July 1943, he joined a resistance group from the Val d'Ossola and promoted the resistance among intellectuals in Milan. On September 14, 1944, he, his wife and their fourteen-year-old son Federico Giolli were arrested by the fascist Legione Muti of the Repubblica Sociale Italiana , and at the beginning of October 1944 they were admitted to the San Vittore prison in Milan by the German occupation forces ; his wife and son were released.

Giolli was transferred to the Bolzano transit camp and, like the architect Giuseppe Pagano , deported to the Mauthausen concentration camp , where he died of prison conditions on the night of January 5 to 6, 1945. Giolli's son Ferdinando Giolli was a partisan and was executed after his capture on October 16, 1944 in Villeneuve in the Valle d'Aosta . The son Paolo was captured in Greece and deported to the German Reich, he survived imprisonment.

His closest friend, the painter Aldo Carpi , and members of the BBPR architectural group Gian Luigi Banfi and Lodovico Barbiano di Belgioioso were imprisoned in Mauthausen , and Banfi and Pagano also died there.

Via Raffaello Giolli was named after him in Alessandria and Milan .

Fonts (selection)

  • P. Troubetzkoy . Milan: Alfieri & Lacroix, 1914?
  • Luigi Conconi, prospetto biografico-critico . Rome: Alfieri & Lacroix, 1920
  • Felice Casorati . Milan: Hoepli, 1925
  • Ranzoni ; 24 riproduzioni . Milan: L'Esame, 1926
  • Intervallo ottimista . In: Casabella - Costruzioni, Volume XVI, Issue 184–185, April / May 1943, pp. 9–73. About Italian rationalism
  • L'erodiade del Morazzone . Milan: F. Perrella & C., 1934
  • La Trivulziana e Milano . Milan: Perrella, 1935
  • Letter to the painter Attilio Alfieri , 1942
  • La disfatta dell'ottocento . Foreword by Claudio Pavone . Turin: Einaudi, 1961 (posthumously, editor R. Menni Giolli)
  • Cesare de Seta (ed.): Raffaello Giolli: L'architettura razionale: Antologia . Bari: Laterza, 1972

literature

  • Giulia Veronesi : Difficoltà politiche dell'architettura in Italia (1920–1940) . Milan: Libreria Editrice Politecnica Tamburini, 1953
  • Fiorilli Gianluca: Raffaello Giolli , in: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , Volume 55, 2001
  • Cesare de Seta : Il destino dell'architettura: Persico, Giolli, Pagano . Bari: Laterza, 1985
  • Elena Pontiggia: Il “Novecento” Milanese: da Sironi from Arturo Martini . Milan: Mazzotta, 2003
  • Lorella Giudici: Giorgio de Chirico e Raffaello Giolli: un pittore e un critico nella Milano tra le due guerre; una storia inedita . In: Metafisica. N. 14/16 (2016), pages 195-205

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ see Cesare De Seta (ed.): L'architettura di Conconi, ora nell'antologia - che raccoglie tutti gli scritti del G. sull'arte - L'architettura razionale . Bari 1972, pp. 3-10
  2. ↑ Francesco Muzzioli: Vincenzo Cento , in: Dictionnaire Biografico degli Italiani , Volume 23, 1979
  3. ↑ Raffaello Giolli: Luigi Conconi, prospetto biografico-critico, 1920 , Digitalisat
personal data
SURNAME Giolli, Raffaello
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian architecture critic
DATE OF BIRTH April 4, 1889
PLACE OF BIRTH Alessandria
DATE OF DEATH January 5, 1945
Place of death Gusen II concentration camp