Ramelli's book wheel
Ramelli's book wheel is a reading machine by Agostino Ramelli from the 16th century , which he describes in his book Le diverse et artificiose machine .
It is a rotating reading desk that allows the non-sequential reading of about twelve volumes . The individual books are on their own desks, between which a rotating mechanism can be used to switch, so that the books “ do not fall, remain exactly as they were put down, they always remain in the same condition and whenever the reader does wishes, they appear that way without having to be tied or fastened in any way ”.
It is not known whether this type of book viewing was ever actively used. A reconstruction of a similar device can be found in the Herzog August Library , Wolfenbüttel . There is also a similar book wheel in the 'Altes Zollhaus' museum in Hitzacker . In 2017 there were a total of 14 old bookwheels: in Ghent , Hamburg , Klosterneuburg , Krakow , Lambach , Leiden , Naples (2), Paris , Prague (2), Puebla , Wernigerode and Wolfenbüttel .
See also
- Roussel's reading machine
- Cortazar's reading machine
- Rotation files , from table stands ( Rolodex ) up to several tons
- Falkirk Wheel , ship lift based on the same mechanical principle
literature
- John Considine: 'The Ramellian Bookwheel'. In: Erudition and the Republic of Letters , 2016, 1: 4, 381-411
- E. Hanebutt-Benz: The art of reading. Reading furniture and reading behavior from the Middle Ages to the present day . Frankfurt a. M., Museum of Arts and Crafts, 1985. ISBN 3-88270-026-2
- M. Boghardt: 'The Wolfenbuetteler book wheel'. In: Museum , April 1978, 58–60.
- Martha Teach Gnudi & Eugene S. Ferguson: Ramelli's ingenious machines. The various and ingenious machines of Agostino Ramelli (1588) . Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. ISBN 0-85967-247-6 (Repr. 1987 & 1994)
- Bert S. Hall: 'A revolving bookcase by Agostino Ramelli'. In: Technology and culture , 11, 389-400 (1970).
- M. von Katte: 'Herzog August and the catalogs of his library In: Wolfenbuetteler contributions , 1 (1972), 174-182.
- AG Keller: A theater of machines . London, Chapman and Hall, 1964.
- John Willis Clark: The care of books. An essay on the development of libraries and their fittings, from the earliest times to the end of the eighteenth century . Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1901. [Repr. Cambridge 2009: ISBN 9781108005081 ]
- Agostino Ramelli: Le diverse et artificiose machine . Composte in lingua Italiana et Francese. Paris, 1588 (Repr .: Farnborough, Hants, 1970)
swell
- ↑ Webpage of the Museum Altes Zollhaus Hitzacker on the book wheel
- ↑ YouTube video about the book wheel in the museum in Hitzacker
- ^ John Considine: 'The Ramellian Bookwheel'. In: Erudition and the Republic of Letters , 2016, 1: 4, 408-409