Ramiro Garcés from Viguera

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Ramiro Garcés (* around 945, † July 9, 981 ) was King of Viguera from the House of Jiménez from 972 to 981 . He was a son of King García I of Navarre († 970) from his second marriage to Teresa and thus a half-brother of King Sancho II. Abarca of Navarre († 994).

Illustration from the Codex Vigilanus , 10th century.
Left: Urraca Fernández; Center: Sancho II of Navarre; Right: Ramiro from Viguera.

Ramiro is mentioned for the first time in a certificate from his father from the year 953 next to his siblings Sancho and Urraca. His second brother Jimeno must have been born at a later date. When his father died in 970, this was followed by Sancho as the eldest son as King of Navarre, which at that time included the land around Pamplona and Nájera . Ramiro does not seem to have received any goods, at least he attested in 971 a donation from his brother to the Abbey of San Millán de la Cogolla without any title. Only in two documents dated November 13 and 30, 972, respectively, is he mentioned for the first time as "King of Viguera", whereby he is listed below in the position of "Under King" to his brother. A document from the monks of the Abbey of San Martín de Albelda dated May 22, 974 indicates that Ramiro's domain extended beyond Viguera on the Río Iregua to Leza on the Río Leza and thus roughly included the land of the Rioja Media .

At the side of his brother and brother-in-law, Count García Fernández of Castile , Ramiro was involved in the fight against the Caliphate of Cordoba ( Al-Andalus ). At the head of his army on the way to San Esteban de Gormaz , which was already besieged by his brother , he was captured and defeated by a Moorish army on July 6, 975 near Estercuel . Shortly afterwards, his brother was defeated in front of San Esteban de Gormaz and put to flight. The following year the caliph al-Hakam II died and the leadership of the caliphate was taken over by the vizier Almansor († 1002), who was to prove to be the most dangerous opponent for the Christian empires of Spain . At first, however, the vizier's seizure of power under the Moors was not without contradictions and the powerful general Galib rose against him. Ramiro allied with Galib, but both were defeated and killed by Almansor on July 9, 981 in a battle near Torrevicente . Ramiro was then buried in the Abbey of San Salvador de Leire , to which his brother and sister-in-law first made a donation on August 15, 981 in his memory. In 991 they repeated this.

From a marriage to an unknown woman, Ramiro had two sons, Sancho and García . It is difficult to determine whether they succeeded him in Viguera or whether the small kingdom was reunited with Navarre by Sancho II after his death . Both sons appear only in a few documents from their uncle without a royal title, which suggests that he was not willing to leave their father's sub-kingdom to them. García alone was retrospectively titled as king in a certificate from his daughter Toda from 1050. Antonio Ubieto Arteta is of the opinion that Viguera only after the death of Garcías before 1013 by his daughter in a barter to her cousin Sancho III. was refunded. Her husband, Fortún Sánchez, was later honored as a princeps in return and then entrusted with the rule over Nájera.

literature

  • Antonio Ubieto Arteta: Monarcas navarros olvidados: los reyes de Viguera. In: Hispania. Revista española de historia. Vol. 10 (1950), pp. 3-24.
  • Alberto Cañada Juste: Un milenario navarro: Ramiro Garcés, rey de Viguera. In: Príncípe de Viana. Vol. 42 (1981), pp. 21-38.

Remarks

  1. ↑ For the probable year of birth see Cañada Juste (1981), p. 24.
  2. ↑ See Cañada Juste (1981), p. 28.
  3. ↑ Cartulario de Albelda, ed. by Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1981), No. 20, p. 30.
  4. ↑ Cartulario de San Millán de la Cogolla (759-1076), ed. by Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1976), No. 88, p. 102.
  5. ↑ "Sanctione rex in Nagela et in Pampilona, et sub eius imperio parendo rex Ranimirus in Uekaria ...", see. Colección diplomática medieval de la Rioja II: Documentos (923-1168), ed. by Ildefonso Rodríguez de Lama (1976), nos. 2a and 2b.
  6. ↑ "regnante ... principe nostro Sancio in Pampilona et sub illius imperio frater eius Ranimiro in Vekaria et in Leza ...", cf. Cartulario de San Millán de la Cogolla (759-1076), ed. by Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1976), No. 26, p. 36.
  7. ↑ Anales palatinos del Califa de Córdoba al-Hakam II, por 'Isa ibn Ahmal-Razi, ed. by Emilio García Gómez (1967), §242, pp. 279-280. See Cañada Juste (1981), pp. 29-31.
  8. ↑ Luis Seco de Lucena Paredes: De nuevo sobre el "Naqt al-'Arus" de Ibn Hazm de Córdoba. In: Al-Andalus. Vol. 29 (1964), pp. 23-38. See Cañada Juste (1981), pp. 33-35.
  9. ↑ José Goñi Gaztambide: Catálogo del Becerro antiguo y del Becerro de Leyre. In: Príncípe de Viana. Vol. 24 (1963), No. 92-93, pp. 151-152. Angel Canellas López: Un documento original del rey Sancho Garcés II Abarca. In: Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragón. Vol. 1 (1945) pp. 149-192.
  10. ↑ "regi Garsea Ranimiriz ...", cf. Cartulario de San Millán de la Cogolla (759-1076), ed. by Antonio Ubieto Arteta (1976), No. 270, p. 264.
  11. ↑ See Ubieto Arteta (1950), p. 22.

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personal data
SURNAME Ramiro Garcés
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Viguera
DATE OF BIRTH 10th century
DATE OF DEATH July 9, 981
Place of death Torrevicente