Rapeseed meal
Rapeseed meal (RES) is obtained in oil mills by extracting rapeseed oil from the rapeseed with the help of solvents as a by- product . Hexane , for example, is used as a solvent , which then has to be removed from the extraction meal again by means of a hot and humid treatment. The removal of the solvent from the extraction meal by adding steam is also known as toasting. The pressure and temperature of this process influence the protein quality of the end product. In contrast to the extraction meal, rapeseed cake is made when rapeseed oil is cold-pressed. Extraction meal from other oilseeds, especially soy extraction meal , are in competition with RES in terms of their use as animal feed.
properties
The following table gives an overview of the most important ingredients of RES as feed. In general, the fat content decreases from the rapeseed (around 40%), through rapeseed cake (15%) to the RES (3%), while the content of crude protein and crude fiber increases. Compared to soy meal, RES has twice as high a crude fiber content due to its relatively high shell content. Its raw protein content, on the other hand, is a quarter lower. The absolute contents of amino acids differ considerably between RES and soy extraction meal, which is richer in lysine , threonine and tryptophan , while RES contains more methionine and cysteine per 1000 g of feed. However, the precaecal digestibility of the amino acids in RES is consistently lower than that of soy meal.
| Contains 1000 g of feed | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dry matter | 890 g | |
| Crude protein | 349 g | |
| Raw fat | 31 g | |
| Crude fiber | 127 g | |
| Lysine | 19.9 g | |
| Methionine and cysteine | 13.4 g | |
| Threonine | 15.9 g | |
| Tryptophan | 4.9 g | |
| Usable Crude Protein (nXP) | 206 g | |
| Ruminal nitrogen balance (RNB) | 23 g | |
| Calcium | 6.6 g | |
| phosphorus | 10.8 g | |
| Net Energy Lactation (NEL) | 6.4 MJ | |
|
Convertible Energy (ME), |
Rearing and beef cattle and sheep | 10.5 MJ |
| Pigs | 8.9 MJ | |
use
The uses of RES are essentially the same as those of the rapeseed cake, which means that it is mainly used in cattle feeding. It is particularly suitable as a protein component in milk performance feed and is also increasingly used in pig and poultry feeding, where the glucosinolate content still limits its use.
In addition, RES can also be used in biogas plants to generate energy. The standard biogas yield of RES is given as 1038 kWh el per ton of fresh mass, which is slightly below the yield of rapeseed cake (1160 kWh el per ton of fresh mass).
economy
In 2007/08, the consumption of RES in Germany was 3 million t compared to around 2.2 million t in 2000, which is partly due to the increased production of biodiesel from rapeseed. The share of RES in oil meal in livestock feed was 35% in 2007/08, well above the average of 17% in the EU-27.
Rapeseed cakes and RES have only become economically interesting since 00 rape was bred. The high content of glucosinolates , which can have a negative impact on animal health, had previously prevented its use as animal feed. According to an investigation by UFOP, the average glucosinolate content of RES in the period 2000 to 2003 was 8.3 mmol / kg in dry matter. A reduction of the generally accepted maximum glucosinolate content in rapeseed from 25 to 18 mmol / kg dry matter in 00 winter rapeseed is currently required.
The glucosinolate content is determined on the one hand by the rapeseed varieties used and on the other hand by the toasting process. Increased toasting can reduce the glucosinolate content of RES further, but this also reduces protein digestibility.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Rapeseed cake to pigs - yes, but in moderation! ( Memento from April 29, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
- ↑ Weiß, J., Pabst, W., Strack, K.-E., Granz, S. (2005): Tierproduktion. Georg Thieme, Stuttgart. ISBN 3-830-44140-1 .
- ↑ Weiß, J., Schöne, F .: UFOP practical information: Rapeseed meal in pig feeding (PDF; 819 kB), 2008.
- ↑ EEG 2009 ( Federal Law Gazette 2008 I p. 2074 ).
- ↑ a b UFOP and OVID: Background paper on increasing the quality of rapeseed meal with regard to the glucosinolate content ( memento of the original from February 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 187 kB).
- ↑ Schöne, F., Schumann, W., Schubert, R., Steingaß, H., Kinaast, C. (2006): Stronger toasting in rapeseed meal production inactivates glucosinolates and changes the protein quality ( Memento of the original from January 5, 2016 in Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , VDLUFA series of publications, Volume 62, pp. 297-300.
