Air technology
The ventilation technology is used to supply operating and common rooms as well as technical processes with air. The air quality of rooms is controlled by free ventilation systems as well as room ventilation systems (RLT) , while process air technology includes the extraction, separation, drying and conveying of air for technical purposes.
Free ventilation systems
The term free ventilation describes the exchange of air in indoor spaces, which occurs as a result of natural pressure differences caused by wind and thermal (caused by temperature differences). Changing weather and wind conditions lead to a poorly controllable air exchange rate. Changing temperatures and drafts can cause different comfort situations. A heat recovery from the exhaust air is not possible.
Free ventilation is divided into:
- Joint ventilation (leaks in windows, doors, structures, etc.)
- Window, slot or gap ventilation
- Shaft ventilation or roof top ventilation (utilization of buoyancy or thermal convection )
Depending on the definition, the boost ventilation can also be counted as free ventilation.
Ventilation systems (RLT)
In the building industry, the costs of ventilation systems are recorded under cost group 430 of DIN 276 . Air conditioning systems are fan-assisted systems that provide at least one of the functions of filtering, heating, cooling, humidifying or dehumidifying. A suitable combination of these functions makes it possible to ensure the desired air conditions in terms of purity, temperature and humidity in rooms.
Classification of the air conditioning systems
controversy
The “Recknagel”: pocket book for heating and air conditioning technology as a standard work in the field of HVAC technology explains that the term “air conditioning”, although it is used in various ways in room conditioning, in vehicle technology, in legal regulations (e.g. in the EnEV 2009) and the rules of technology used have not yet been clearly defined. Furthermore, it is shown in the work that the understanding of the terms and the associated classification of the RLT systems (air conditioning systems) has changed in some cases significantly in recent years. For this purpose, for example, the classification of air conditioning systems according to Part 7 of DIN V 18599 is compared with the classification of air conditioning systems (air conditioning systems) as contained in the 70th edition of the company's own work. In the opinion of the authors of the aforementioned work, a comprehensive, unambiguous and generally recognized definition of the terms in the field of RL technology is unlikely in the foreseeable future. The following classification is therefore based on the current standardization, but is not undisputed.
Ventilation systems with ventilation function
Air conditioning systems with the primary function of ventilation are referred to as ventilation systems , and in the draft of DIN 4749 simply as ventilation systems . Sheet 1 of VDI 4700 and DIN EN 12792 define these systems as "the entirety of the structural elements required for fan-assisted ventilation". Outside air is always required for ventilation .
Ventilation systems without a ventilation function
Air conditioning systems without a ventilation function are also called air circulation systems. This is understood to mean systems that merely process and circulate the room air (such as recirculating air extractor hoods ) without outside air being supplied.
Air conditioning systems (air conditioning systems with temperature control)
According to Part 1 of VDI 4700, full air conditioning systems include regulation / control of temperature, humidity, keeping clean and exchanging room air, regardless of the outside climate. If only temperature or humidity are regulated or controlled by the system, the process is referred to as partial air-conditioning in DIN 4749 (E). Air conditioning systems with a cooling function, which cool the fresh air supplied before it is supplied to the building as supply air , but do not specifically dehumidify or humidify, would therefore be referred to as partial air conditioning .
Standards & guidelines
- DIN 1946 - ventilation technology
- Part 4: Ventilation systems in buildings and rooms in the healthcare sector
- Part 6: Ventilation of apartments - General requirements, requirements for dimensioning, execution and marking, handover / acceptance (acceptance) and maintenance
- Part 6, Supplement 1: Ventilation of apartments - General requirements, requirements for dimensioning, execution and labeling, handover / acceptance (acceptance) and maintenance - sample calculations for selected ventilation systems
- DIN 18017, ventilation of bathrooms and toilet rooms without outside windows
- Part 3: Ventilation with fans
- DIN EN 16798, Energy assessment of buildings - Ventilation of buildings
- Part 3: Ventilation of non-residential buildings - Performance requirements for ventilation, air conditioning and space cooling systems
- Part 5-1: Calculation methods for the energy demand of ventilation and air conditioning systems (modules M5-6, M5-8, M6-5, M6-8, M7-5, M7-8) - Method 1: Distribution and generation
- Part 5-2: Calculation methods for the energy demand of ventilation systems (modules M5-6, M5-8, M6-5, M7-5, M7-8) - Method 2: Distribution and generation
- Part 7: Calculation methods for determining the air volume flows in buildings including infiltration (module M5-5)
- Part 17: Guidelines for the inspection of ventilation and air conditioning systems (modules M4-11, M5-11, M6-11, M7-11)
- VDI 2052, air conditioning systems for kitchens
- VDI 2050, sheet 4: Requirements for technical centers - air conditioning
- VDI 2053, Sheet 1: Ventilation and air conditioning - garages - Ventilation
- VDI 2078, calculation of thermal loads and room temperatures
- VDI 2081, sheet 1: Noise generation and noise reduction in ventilation and air conditioning systems
- VDI 2082, ventilation technology - sales outlets
- VDI 2083, clean room technology
- Sheet 1: Particle cleanliness classes of the air
- Sheet 4.1: Planning, construction and initial commissioning of clean rooms
- Sheet 5.1: Operation of clean rooms
- VDI 2087, air duct systems - assessment basis,
- VDI 3803,
- Sheet 1: Air conditioning - Central air conditioning systems - Structural and technical requirements
- Sheet 5: Ventilation technology, device requirements - heat recovery systems
- VDI 6022 , sheet 1: Air conditioning, air quality - hygiene requirements for air conditioning systems and devices
- AMEV RLT: Information on the planning and implementation of ventilation and air conditioning systems for public buildings
literature
- Achim Keune: Indoor air quality and hygiene requirements for air conditioning in buildings . 3. Edition. Beuth Verlag, 2020, ISBN 978-3-410-29490-0 .
Process air technology
In process air technology, the mechanical work process is in the foreground. In general, a distinction is made between suction, separation, drying and conveying. But there are also process air systems with additional tasks. In the food industry, for example, process air is required to process products or to transport them, as is the case with pneumatic conveying. The quality of this air must be defined and the hygiene requirements must correspond to those of the products, so it can be classified as an auxiliary material or raw product. In order to keep the necessary system technology for cleaning the process air as simple as possible, the supply air should have as little pollution as possible from airborne dust and microorganisms.
A specialty in the field of ventilation technology are the air-assisted air conditioning systems that are installed in the ICE 3 in the 2nd series. In these air conditioning systems, which make up approximately 5% of the air conditioning systems in the ICE fleet, process air is used as the cooling medium Commitment. The outside air taken from the environment is fed to the axial compressor (cooling turbine) as process air. The pressure of this air is now reduced in the cooling turbine from about 1 bar to 0.5 bar. The process air cools down ( Joule-Thomson effect ). The cold process air then cools the supply air for the passenger compartment in a heat exchanger.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ E DIN 4749 - Terminology . Beuth Verlag, May 2018, p. 30 .
- ^ Hermann Recknagel, Eberhard Sprenger, Karl-Josef Albers (ed.): Pocket book for heating and air conditioning . 79th edition. Vulkan-Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-8356-7405-9 , pp. 1455 .
- ^ Hermann Recknagel, Eberhard Sprenger, Karl-Josef Albers (ed.): Pocket book for heating and air conditioning . 79th edition. Vulkan-Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-8356-7405-9 , pp. 1457 .
- ↑ E DIN 4749 - Terminology . Beuth Verlag, May 2018, p. 24 .
- ↑ VDI 4700 sheet 1 - Terms of construction and building technology . Association of German Engineers, October 2015, p. 98 .
- ↑ DIN EN 12792 - Ventilation of buildings - symbols, terminology and graphic symbols . Beuth Verlag, January 2004, p. 18 .
- ↑ E DIN 4749 - Terminology . Beuth Verlag, May 2018, p. 38 .
- ↑ VDI 4700 sheet 1 - Terms of construction and building technology . Association of German Engineers, October 2015, p. 88 .
- ↑ E DIN 4749 - Terminology . Beuth Verlag, May 2018, p. 21 .
- ↑ RLT - Anlagenbau 2018. In: amev-online.de. Retrieved May 20, 2020 .
- ↑ Gerhard Hauser: Hygienic apparatus and systems for the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries . WILEY-VCH Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32291-6 , p. 608 .
- ↑ Jürgen Janicki, Horst Reinhard: Rail Vehicle Technology . Bahn Fachverlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-9808002-5-9 , p. 403 .