Raymond M. Fuoss

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Raymond Matthew Fuoss (born September 28, 1905 in Bellwood , Pennsylvania , † December 1, 1987 ) was an American chemist who researched mainly on electrolytes , polyelectrolytes and polymers .

Life

After attending school in Altoona, Pennsylvania , Fuoss began studying chemistry at Harvard University in 1922 at the age of 17 and showed an early interest in working in the field of electrochemistry . He completed his studies in 1925 and then went to Munich with a Frederick Sheldon Traveling Fellowship, where he attended lectures by Kasimir Fajans on thermodynamics and turned to physical chemistry. After his return to the USA, he had various short-term positions before he moved to the group of Charles August Kraus at Brown University in Providence , Rhode Island in 1930 and began investigating the conductivity and other properties of electrolytes, with a large number of experimental data was used. Since Lars Onsager was teaching at Brown University at the time, Fuoss attended his lectures. A 35-year collaboration between the two scientists began. In 1932 their first joint and much-cited publication on the non-equilibrium properties of electrolytes appeared in the Journal of Physical Chemistry . In the same year Fuoss received his doctorate with a thesis on the properties of non-aqueous electrolytes at Onsager. In 1933 he went to Europe as a postdoctoral fellow, first to Peter Debye in Leipzig and later to Ralph Howard Fowler in Cambridge, where he familiarized himself with the application of methods of statistical mechanics . In 1935 he received the American Chemical Society Award in Pure Chemistry , which is given to young scientists. Due to limited financial resources for university research during the Great Depression in the mid-1930s, he moved to General Electric's research laboratory in Schenectady , New York . He worked there until the end of the Second World War. Between 1937 and 1945 he worked on the electrical properties of solids and especially of polymers. Several publications were made in collaboration with John G. Kirkwood . In 1945 he went to Yale University , where he held a chair in chemistry until his retirement in 1974.

In his work, Fuoss combined his own experimental results with the theoretical methods that were modern at the time. He is considered one of the authoritative authors of work on electrolytic conductivity . With Onsager he succeeded in expanding the Debye-Hückel-Onsager theory for strong electrolytic solutions. During his time at Yale University, he also published important papers on polyelectrolytes and polymer research.

In 1951 he was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and 1960 of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences .

Fonts (selection)

  • L. Onsager, RM Fuoss: Irreversible processes in electrolytes. Diffusion, conductance and viscous flow in arbitrary mixtures of strong electrolytes . In: Journal of Physical Chemistry . tape 36 , no. 11 , 1932, p. 2689-2778 , doi : 10.1021 / j150341a001 .
  • RM Fuoss, CA Kraus: Properties of electrolytic solutions. III. The dissociation constant . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 55 , no. 3 , 1933, pp. 1019-1028 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01330a023 .
  • RM Fuoss, CA Kraus: Properties of electrolytic solutions. IV. The conductance minimum and the formation of tiple ions due to the action of Coulomb forces . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 55 , no. 6 , 1933, pp. 2387-2399 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01333a026 .
  • RM Fuoss, JG Kirkwood: Electrical properties of solids. VIII. Dipole moments in polyvinyl chloride-diphenyl systems . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 63 , no. 2 , 1941, p. 385-394 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01847a013 .
  • RM Fuoss: Polyelectrolytes . In: Discussions of the Faraday Society . tape 11 , 1951, pp. 125-134 , doi : 10.1039 / DF9511100125 .
  • RM Fuoss, L. Onsager: Conductance of strong electrolytes at finite dilutions . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . tape 41 , no. 5 , 1955, pp. 274-283 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.41.5.274 .
  • RM Fuoss, L. Onsager: Conductance of unassociated electrolytes . In: Journal of Physical Chemistry . tape 61 , no. 5 , 1957, pp. 668-682 , doi : 10.1021 / j150551a038 .
  • RM Fuoss: Ionic association. III. The equilibrium between ion pairs and free ions . In: Journal of the American Chemical Society . tape 80 , no. 19 , 1958, pp. 5059-5061 , doi : 10.1021 / ja01552a016 .
  • RM Fuoss, L. Onsager, JF Skinner: The conductance of symmetrical electrolytes. V. The conductance equation . In: Journal of Physical Chemistry . tape 69 , no. 8 , 1965, p. 2581-2594 , doi : 10.1021 / j100892a017 .

literature

  • Michael A. Coplan: Raymond Matthew Fuoss, September 28, 1905 - December 1, 1987 . Ed .: National Academy of Sciences (=  Biographical Memoirs . Volume 71 ). National Academy Press, Washington, DC 1997, ISBN 978-0-309-05738-7 , pp. 79-91 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Book of Members 1780 – present, Chapter F. (PDF; 815 kB) In: American Academy of Arts and Sciences (amacad.org). Retrieved April 17, 2018 .

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Fuoss, Raymond M.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Fuoss, Raymond Matthew (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American chemist
DATE OF BIRTH September 28, 1905
PLACE OF BIRTH Bellwood, Pennsylvania
DATE OF DEATH 1st December 1987