Reuterkaserne

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Reuterkaserne is a street in the old town of Düsseldorf , named after the former electoral rider barracks .

location

Reuterkaserne street is located directly on the Rhine promenade . It starts at the studio building of the Düsseldorf Art Academy , Eiskellerstraße at the corner of Emma-Horion -Weg and runs towards the bank of the castle, where Ritterstraße meets the promenade. The Ursulinengasse leading up to her, with the "house to the lions" on the corner lot. The largest part consists of a large meadow.

building

View from the Rhine promenade to the Reuterkaserne, the former historical museum , 1901
House Reuterkaserne No. 1, Düsseldorf-Altstadt, from the northeast

The building with house no. 1, in which the “Städtische Leihhaus”, also known as the “pawn shop”, was opened on August 1, 1925, stands free on the Rhine front. The external appearance still corresponds to that of the city architect Eberhard Westhofen built in 1866 at the Düsseldorf Art Academy "Städtische Lagerhaus" , which from 1897 housed the city's historical museum . From 1933 there was an SS office with a torture prison in the so-called “Reuterkaserne” . Here opponents of National Socialism were cruelly mistreated in the cellars and then deported to concentration camps. After the war, the “Reuterkaserne” was again attached to the art academy. Today the library, archive and studios of the academy are housed here.

House Reuterkaserne No. 2, Düsseldorf-Altstadt

Opposite is the listed building Reuterkaserne No. 2 , built around 1885, to which the St. Ursula grammar school adjoins.

History of the Reuterkaserne

Some major construction projects were carried out in Düsseldorf under Duke Philipp Wilhelm (1615–1690). The construction of the citadel , which had already begun under his predecessor, was continued. The Rhine Gate was rebuilt, a new bastion was built north of the castle in front of the city wall there. The old city wall between the old town and the new bastions was demolished and on a part of the new open space between Bastion and the city was built, the "Reuter barracks" and the armory with armory , the so-called "Salles d'armes", to accommodate the artillery .

“The most elegant street in Düsseldorf, that of the nobility and high officials [...] was Ritterstraße. During the powder explosion in 1634 there were only a few houses here, and only on the built-up side after the Altestadt street , called 'eighth of the wall at the powder tower'. In 1684 it was decided to expand the road. At the same time, under Friedrich Christian Freiherrn von Spee , Freiherrn von Nesselrode and Dr. jur. Contzen set up a commission and decided that, because of the influx of the many traders and for the purpose of increasing the security of the trade, the citizens should be billeted and barracks built for the military. The result was the later construction of the 'Reuterkaserne' on the Rhine behind Ritterstrasse, which was dismantled today. "

- Hans Müller-Schlösser

The soldiers' quarters were at the current confluence of Ursulinengasse with today's Reuterkaserne, built in 1697. This had predecessor buildings, namely barracks from 1672/1673, which were expanded in 1685. Until the end of the 17th century, soldiers with their wives and children were mostly housed in private houses in Düsseldorf, which was neither in the interests of the military leadership nor of the municipal administration. In the last decades these buildings were generally called the "Wanzenburg". A change in the situation only brought about the construction of the barracks on what was then the northern edge of the Rhine front. According to local historiography, construction is said to have started in the spring of 1702, carried out by Constantin Cagnon, the son of the electoral fortress builder Michael Cagnon.

Around 1800 the "Reuterkaserne" was converted into a poor house . In 1799 the lay brotherhood of the Marian congregation of the Jesuits asked the administration of the duchy to rent an apartment for a poor hospital in the "Reuterkaserne". This was made available by the elector in the barracks "free and without interest" for poor relief. There they housed next to the hospital (in the 20th century the Theresien Hospital) a work center, a school for the poor, and apartments for the poor. From an address book for Düsseldorf from 1850 it can be seen that at that time many ordinary citizens lived in the former barracks. The buildings of the Reuterkaserne were demolished again.

A little further on, on the Rhine side, the armory , about at the level of the former Theresienhospital Altestadt 2, was joined by the municipal slaughterhouse , a building from 1697.

Opposite the Reuterkaserne, Ursulinengasse / Ritterstrasse , was the property of the Ursuline monastery, with garden areas for growing vegetables and fruit. Adjacent to this were the gardens of the Schaesberg Palace .

  • Residenzschloss Düsseldorf, 17th century

  • Fortress plan Düsseldorf, 1759

literature

Web links

Commons : Category: Reuterkaserne (Düsseldorf)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Cless: "Reuter- (that means simply: Reiter-) barracks"
  2. ^ Bettina Baumgärtel: Places of the Düsseldorf School of Painting - Traces of the Artists in Düsseldorf , Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 528, Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz, Cologne 2009, ISBN 978-3-86526-069-7 , p. 9
  3. ↑ City history in memory data for 2015, opening of the municipal pawnshop
  4. ^ History of the Düsseldorf City Museum: 1897 move to the former warehouse, Reuterkaserne 1
  5. ^ Author Westhofen, Stadtbaumeister: West view of the municipal warehouse, impressively colored plan of the late classicist facade (November 14, 1864)
  6. ^ Düsseldorfer Geschichtsverein: Festschrift for the 600th anniversary. 1888, p. [444] 427
  7. ^ Old town history after 1648 , on duesseltag.de, accessed on August 12, 2015
  8. ↑ Hans Müller-Schlösser : The beautiful old Düsseldorf . Düsseldorf 1911, p. 68.
  9. ^ In: Gülich and Bergisch weekly news . 1799, no. 31, p. [212] -.
  10. ↑ Ulrich Brzosa: The history of the Catholic Church in Düsseldorf. From the beginnings to secularization. Böhlau, Cologne, 2002 ISBN 3412119008
  11. ↑ In: Wohnungs-Anzeiger and address book of the Lord Mayor of Düsseldorf . 1850, p. [75] 65.

Coordinates: 51 ° 13 ′ 49 ″  N , 6 ° 46 ′ 20 ″  E