Rhamnus lycioides

Rhamnus lycioides
	Rhamnus lycioides subsp. graeca
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Rose-like (rosales)
Family :	Buckthorn Family (Rhamnaceae)
Genre :	Buckthorn ( rhamnus )
Type :	Rhamnus lycioides
Scientific name
	Rhamnus lycioides
	L.

Rhamnus lycioides is a plant from the genus buckthorn ( Rhamnus ) within the family of Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae). The distribution area extends over the Mediterranean area .

description

Branches with leaves and black thorns

Branch with leaves and four-fold flowers of Rhamnus lycioides subsp. graeca

Branch with leaves and fruits

Vegetative characteristics

Rhamnus lycioides is a deciduous or evergreen, very rich in shape, thorn-reinforced shrub that reaches heights of about 1 meter. The bark of older branches is gray.

The leaves are opposite, tufted on short shoots . The simple, entire, glabrous, light green leaf blade is 0.5 to 3.5 centimeters long and 0.3 to 1 centimeter wide, linear to obovate with a blunt to prickly tip.

Generative characteristics

The yellowish flowers are inconspicuous, stand in groups and appear in winter. The flowers are four-fold. The calyx ends in four pointed calyx tips.

The fruits are egg-shaped with a length of 4 to 6 millimeters, yellowish at the beginning and turn black when ripe.

Site conditions

Rhamnus lycioides grows on rocky and nutrient-poor soils .

Systematics and distribution

The species Rhamnus lycioides belongs to the subgenus Rhamnus in the genus Rhamnus .

Rhamnus lycioides is common in the Mediterranean area. Rhamnus lycioides occurs particularly in Spain and the Balearic Islands . However, it is absent in Corsica , the Apennine Peninsula and in the area of the former Yugoslavia .

Depending on the author, there are several subspecies of Rhamnus lycioides :

Rhamnus lycioides subsp. atlantica (Murb.) Jahand. & Maire : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria .
Rhamnus lycioides subsp. borgiae Rivas Mart. & JMPizarro : It occurs in Morocco, Tunisia and Spain.
Rhamnus lycioides subsp. graeca (Boiss. & Reut.) Tutin (Syn .: Rhamnus graeca Boiss. & Reut. , Rhamnus palaestina Boiss. ): It occurs in Greece , in Crete , on islands in the Aegean Sea, in Turkey , in Cyprus , Syria , in Lebanon , Israel and Jordan and the Sinai Peninsula .
Rhamnus lycioides subsp. laderoi Rivas Mart. & JMPizarro : It occurs in Portugal and Spain.
Rhamnus lycioides L. subsp. lycioides : It is native to Spain, Mallorca and Ibiza .
Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides (L.) Jahand. & Maire (Syn .: Rhamnus oleoides L. ): It occurs in the Mediterranean area from Morocco and Portugal to Cyprus and Turkey.
Rhamnus lycioides subsp. velutina (Boiss.) Nyman (Syn .: Rhamnus velutina Boiss. ): It occurs in Morocco, Tunisia and Spain.

proof

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Frédéric Tournay: Rhamnus lycioides. Biology at the University of Ulm, accessed on April 18, 2010 (English).
↑ ^a ^b ^c Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder: Die Kosmos-Mediterranflora. Over 500 Mediterranean plants in color photos (= Kosmos nature guide ). 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07803-5 , pp. 144 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c Peter Schütt , Hans Joachim Schuck, Bernd Stimm (ed.): Lexicon of tree and shrub species. The standard work of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 238 (reprinted 1992).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g T. Henning, E. von Raab-Straube (2016): Rhamnaceae. : Datasheet Rhamnus lycioides , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 18, 2010.

Web links

Commons : Rhamnus lycioides - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Entry with Flora Vascular .
Rhamnus lycioides. In: Flora de Iberia. March 3, 2011, Retrieved September 17, 2011 (Spanish).
Data sheet with detailed photos and distribution in Portugal at Flora-on .

[Ulm-1] Frédéric Tournay: Rhamnus lycioides. Biology at the University of Ulm, accessed on April 18, 2010 (English).

[KM-2] Ingrid Schönfelder, Peter Schönfelder: Die Kosmos-Mediterranflora. Over 500 Mediterranean plants in color photos (= Kosmos nature guide ). 3. Edition. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-440-07803-5 , pp. 144 .

[LBS-3] Peter Schütt , Hans Joachim Schuck, Bernd Stimm (ed.): Lexicon of tree and shrub species. The standard work of forest botany. Morphology, pathology, ecology and systematics of important tree and shrub species . Nikol, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-933203-53-8 , pp. 238 (reprinted 1992).

[Euro+Med-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g T. Henning, E. von Raab-Straube (2016): Rhamnaceae. : Datasheet Rhamnus lycioides , In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[GRIN-5] Rhamnus lycioides subsp. oleoides in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 18, 2010.