Brownish red twig
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Brown-red twigweed ( Rhodomela confervoides ), |
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| Rhodomela confervoides | ||||||||||||
| ( Hudson ) PCSilva |
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The brown-red twig ( Rhodomela confervoides ) is a type of red algae . It is widespread on the coasts of the northern hemisphere and is also found in the North Sea and Baltic Sea.
description
The red-brown twig forms dark-brown-red coarse tufts 25 (to 30) centimeters in length. The thallus consists of pedunculate, cartilaginous, heavily branched branches, which branch out repeatedly and irregularly. The strong main axis appears to be undivided. Its elongated cells, located around a central cavity, are surrounded by a multi-layered cortex made up of small cells.
Development cycle
The brown-red twig is perennial. Its appearance changes with the seasons. From late summer to winter, the alga looks bare and bristly. In spring (in Heligoland as early as January), numerous light red, brush-like branches sprout at the ends of the branches, where the reproductive organs arise. The male gametophytes form dense clusters of colorless spermatangia at the branch ends . After fertilization, female gametophytes form pedunculated, spherical cystocarpies with an open mouth, which are visible as small nodules. The tetrasporophytes form fertile branches with paired tetrasporangia. Towards summer the small twigs degenerate and the young twigs stretch, so that the alga appears bare again.
Occurrence
The brown-red twigweed is widespread on the coasts of the northern hemisphere: in the north, northeast and northwest Atlantic , in the White Sea and in the North Pacific . In the North Sea , it occurs, among other places, near Heligoland and in the North and East Frisian Wadden Sea , as well as in the western and eastern Baltic Sea .
It grows in tidal pools and on rocks in the lower intertidal zone . It can also settle on mussel shells.
Systematics
The first scientific description was in 1762 by William Hudson under the name Fucus confervoides (In: Flora anglica , p. 269). Paul Claude Silva placed the species in the genus Rhodomela in 1952 .
There are many synonyms : Fucus confervoides Hudson , Fucus subfuscus Woodward , Fucus variabilis Goodenough & Woodward , Fuscaria variabilis Stackhouse , Gigartina subfusca (Woodward) JVLamouroux , Gigartina subfusca var. Flaccida Lyngbye , Gigartina subfusca var. Racemosa Lyngbye , Gigartina subfusca var. Tenuior ( C. Agardh) Lyngbye , Lophura gracilis Kützing , Rhodomela confervoides f. gracilior (J.Agardh) WRTaylor , Rhodomela confervoides f. rochei (Harvey) WRTaylor , Rhodomela confervoides f. abyssicola (Rosenvinge) Pankow , Rhodomela confervoides f. gracilis (Kützing) Pankow , Rhodomela confervoides f. tenuior (C.Agardh) Pankow , Rhodomela confervoides f. virgata (Kjellman) Rosenvinge ex Rueness , Rhodomela rochei Harvey , Rhodomela subfusca (Woodward) C. Agardh , Rhodomela subfusca f. abyssicola Rosenvinge , Rhodomela subfusca f. extrataeniensis Areschoug , Rhodomela subfusca f. gracilior J. Agardh , Rhodomela subfusca f. gracilis (Kützing) Areschoug , Rhodomela subfusca f. intrataeniensis Areschoug , Rhodomela subfusca f. tenuior (C.Agardh) Svedelius , Rhodomela subfusca f. virgata (Kjellman) Rosenvinge , Rhodomela subfusca var. firmior J.Agardh , Rhodomela subfusca var. flaccida (Lyngbye) C.Agardh , Rhodomela subfusca var. penicillata C.Agardh , Rhodomela subfusca var. tenuior (C.Agardh) C.Agardh , Rhodomela virgata Kjellman , Sphaerococcus confervoides (Hudson) C. Agardh , Sphaerococcus subfuscus (Woodward) C. Agardh and Sphaerococcus subfuscus var. Tenuior C. Agardh .
ingredients
Rhodomela confervoides contains various bromophenols , including some with cytotoxic and antibacterial properties that may be of pharmaceutical interest. The bromophenol HPN has an antihyperglycaemic effect and could potentially be used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus . Some nitrogen- containing bromophenols act as free radical scavengers and natural antioxidants .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Michael Guiry: The Seaweed Site: information on marine algae: Rhodomela confervoides , accessed November 24, 2015.
- ↑ a b c P. Kornmann, PH Sahling: Sea algae from Helgoland - Benthic green, brown and red algae. Biological Institute Helgoland, Hamburg 1983, ISSN 0017-9957 , pp. 252-253.
- ↑ a b c Michael D. Guiry in Michael D. Guiry, GM Guiry: Rhodomela confervoides - In: Algaebase - World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway, accessed November 24, 2015.
- ↑ Dirk Schories, Uwe Selig, Hendrik Schubert: Species and synonym list of the German marine macroalgae based on historical and recent records (list of species and synomes of macroalgae in German coastal waters - evaluation of historical and recent findings) . In: Rostock. Marine biologist Contribution ., Issue 21, 2009, p. 75. PDF file
- ↑ Han Lijun, Xu Nianjun, Shi Jiangong, Yan Xiaojun, Zeng, Chengkui: Isolation and pharmacological activities of Bromophenols from Rhodomela confervoides . In: Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology , Volume 23 (2), pp. 226-229, 2005. (online)
- ↑ Dayong Shi, Shuju Guo, Bo Jiang, Chao Guo, Tao Wang, Luyong Zhang, Jingya Li: HPN, a Synthetic Analogue of Bromophenol from Red Alga Rhodomela confervoides : Synthesis and Anti-Diabetic Effects in C57BL / KsJ-db / db Mice . In: Marine Drugs , Volume 11 (2), pp. 350-362. 2013, doi : 10.3390 / md11020350 . (on-line)
- ↑ Ke Li, Xiao-Ming Li, James B. Gloer, Bin-Gui Wang: New nitrogen-containing bromophenols from the marine red alga Rhodomela confervoides and their radical scavenging activity . In: Food Chemistry , Volume 135 (3), pp. 868–872, 2012. (online)
Web links
- Photos and microscopic images from Norwegian Seaweeds (seaweeds.uib.no)