Robert Friedmann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Robert Friedmann (born February 15, 1888 in Hamburg ; † September 10, 1940 in Jerusalem ) was a German architect. Friedmann was one of the members of the Hamburg school around the influential chief building director Fritz Schumacher and was an important representative of the reformed small apartment building in the Hanseatic city. Its designs can be assigned to the New Objectivity .

Life

Robert Friedmann grew up in Hamburg-Harvestehude with his three brothers and his parents, the banker William Friedmann and Julie Friedmann, née Lorch. After graduating from high school at the Johanneum in Hamburg , Robert Friedmann did an internship in a construction business in Lübeck in 1906. Probably impressed by Martin Dülfer's designs for a new Lübeck city theater discussed in Lübeck, Friedmann decided to study architecture. He first studied at the technical universities in Hanover and Munich , before going to the Technical University in Dresden for two more years in 1909 , where he obtained his diploma in 1911. His teachers in Dresden were u. a. Martin Dülfer, German Bestelmeyer and Cornelius Gurlitt .

During the First World War Friedmann came to Palestine for the first time, where he fought the English with Turkish troops. After his return he opened his own architecture office in Hamburg in 1922/23. In addition to residential buildings for Hamburg merchants, from the mid-1920s he was involved in the large housing development projects in Hamburg, in Jarrestadt, in Hamm-Süd or on Dulsberg, which were developed under the urban development management of the chief building director Fritz Schumacher , against the background of the then pressing small apartment issue . After all, the most important Jewish religious building still in existence from the Weimar Republic was designed by Robert Friedmann and his architect colleague Felix Ascher . The Israelite Temple in Oberstraße served the Israelite Temple Association in Hamburg as a synagogue from 1931 to 1938 and is now used by the NDR.

Because of his Jewish origins, Friedmann was forced to stay in Palestine and thus in exile from 1933, where he originally wanted to recover from his chronic asthma. In Palestine he could no longer build on the successes of his time in Hamburg. After a few smaller building projects, Friedmann died in Jerusalem in 1940.

plant

For the apartment block projects in Hamburg, Friedmann used the brick preferred by Fritz Schumacher and specified for the new building areas as the facade material, which he used for the design of numerous surface ornaments. His special commitment was the reform of small and very small apartment construction. The show rooms for small apartments with an area of ​​only 40 m² in some cases were rationalized and were characterized by simplicity and simplicity as well as a high level of functionality.

With the monumental synagogue on Oberstrasse in Hamburg, which was very strictly designed both inside and out, Friedmann and Ascher turned away from the previous tradition of building synagogues, which was rooted in historicism. Although modern, this building cannot be assigned to the New Objectivity due to its monumentality.

Buildings and designs

  • around 1923: Facade design for the Daum art dealer, Große Theaterstraße 10/12, Hamburg
  • 1924–1928: Large residential buildings of the "Stadtpark-Baugesellschaft", Hamburg-Winterhude
  • 1925–1926: Winning the "Hanseat" competition
  • 1926: Association for Housing, Osterbrock
  • 1927: Large residential buildings on Dobbelersweg, Hamburg
  • 1927: Villa Haag is built as a private residence, Hamburg-Winterhude
  • 1927: Competition on the State Grounds at Dulsberg, 3rd prize and execution, Hamburg
  • 1928: Design and implementation of the "Hanseat" competition
  • 1928: Large house for Heinrich Levy, Hamburg
  • 1931: Israelite temple in Oberstrasse, Hamburg
  • 1933: "House of Engineers" competition (together with Josef Klarwein, 1st prize, no commission)
  • 1936: Salomon House on Mount Carmel, Haifa
  • 1939: Winning the competition for a synagogue in Talpiot (initially only the lower floor completed)
  • 1940: Police stations "Tigrat Fortresses" (together with other architects)

Publications

  • Robert Friedmann: Robert Friedmann. With an introduction by Herbert Eulenberg. Neue Werkkunst, Berlin, Leipzig, Vienna, Hübsch, 1930

literature

  • Herbert Eulenberg: New Work Art. Robert Friedmann. Berlin 1930
  • Roland Jaeger, Wolfgang Voigt: New work art. Robert Friedmann. Berlin 2000 (extended new edition from 1930)
  • Peter Stuckenberger: The Hamburg architect Robert Friedmann (1888–1940). In: Baukultur Heft 5/1997, pp. 26–30
  • Myra Warhaftig : Memory of Robert Friedmann (1888–1940). In: Bauwelt issue 11/1988, p. 402
  • Myra Warhaftig: You laid the foundation. Life and work of German-speaking Jewish architects in Palestine 1918–1948. Tubingen 1996

Web links

notes

  1. ↑ Memorial Oberstrasse 120, Rolf Liebermann Studio of the NDR
personal data
SURNAME Friedmann, Robert
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH February 15, 1888
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH September 10, 1940
Place of death Jerusalem