Rodheim (Oberickelsheim)
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Rodheim
community Oberickelsheim
Coordinates: 49 ° 35 ′ 13 ″ N , 10 ° 8 ′ 26 ″ E
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| Residents : | 210 |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1976 |
| Postal code : | 97258 |
| Area code : | 09339 |
 Church of St. Kilian in Rodheim
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Rodheim is a district with 210 inhabitants incorporated into Oberickelsheim in the Neustadt an der Aisch-Bad Windsheim district in 1976 . The place is on the Leitenbach, which flows into the Gollach .
history
The - possible - emergence of this place with the typical Franconian final syllable "-heim" from a Fronhof is set in the time of the first Franconian conquest in the 7th century. After the founding of the diocese of Würzburg in 742 by Bonifatius , the Würzburg bishop allegedly obtained local rule, although this is not a source of information, but mere speculation. The church initially received the apostle Peter as patron, at an unknown point in time in the late Middle Ages or in the early modern period the patronage changed to St. Kilian . Already before the year 1000 the Fronhofverband Rodheim belonged to the important Benedictine imperial abbey of Hersfeld, founded in 769 by the Mainz bishop Lullus .
The "Hof Rodeheim" (meaning the monastery property) was mentioned in a document on February 5, 1015 on the occasion of an exchange between Emperor Heinrich II and the Hersfeld monastery under Abbot Arnold (1012-1031). With the Hersfeld courts of Rodheim, Welbhausen , Schnackenwerth and Wonfurt, the Emperor Heinrich the Holy furnished the diocese of Bamberg under Bishop Eberhard I, which had existed since 1007 . "Rodeheim" came into the possession of the 1015 newly founded episcopal monastery Michaelsberg in Bamberg.
The rulership of the village lay with the monastery, which they exercised through noble bailiffs. In the 13th and 14th centuries it was the Lords of Hohenlohe , then the Truchsess von Baldersheim , who sat in Aub . Rodheim became Protestant among the Truchsessen around the middle of the 16th century, although it was still a Michelsberg monastery village.
In addition to the church, a small Marian pilgrimage chapel was allegedly built on Gülchsheimer Strasse, the construction of which is said to date back to the 14th or 15th century (Gottfried Engert). However, there is no documentary evidence. If there was a pilgrimage at all, it may only have had local significance and was rebuilt in the 18th century or even built at all. It wasn't mentioned before. Today it is in the open air museum in Bad Windsheim.
The tower of the medieval Rodheim church was raised or rebuilt shortly before 1600 in the Julius Echter style with its famous extremely pointed spire. The Pieta depiction at Brunnengasse 4 (around 1450) dates from the pre-Reformation period.
Rodheim became Protestant during the Reformation.
The Würzburg bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn pursued an energetic Counter-Reformation and forced the Protestants in his sphere of influence to become Catholic again or to emigrate. This also happened in Rodheim, which the bishop had taken in as a settled fief shortly after 1600 after the Truchsess von Baldersheim died out. Under his rule Rodheim and his parish became Catholic again. Numerous private house figures (Pietas or Mary with the child) and wayside shrines testify to the strong popular piety in the Catholic Rodheim, which was surrounded by Protestant neighbors. A relief of the Coronation of Mary hangs on Torstrasse 1 . There are two figures of saints at Hirtenbach 1, and there is a crucifix in Brunnengasse. The bridge over the Leitenbach is adorned with a sandstone figure of St. John Nepomuk from 1723.
Even under Bishop Julius Echter von Mespelbrunn, the church (completion of the new building of the originally Romanesque tower in 1592) and rectory (1614) were expanded. Outside of the church and chapel, only the wayside shrine in Heerstraße (in front of No. 11) has survived from the 17th century. House figures and wayside shrines are particularly present from the 1720s, when the bridge figure was created.
In 1781 the nave of the church with a half-hipped roof and polygonal choir was built according to plans by master mason Meyer, a sacristy with a pent roof was added around 1800. The painter Franz Andreas Thalheimer, who can be traced back to Würzburg in 1759, created the ceiling paintings of the church with motifs as early as 1781 and 1782 the life of St. Kilian. The high altar, the two side altars and the pulpit were made in the late Rococo style by the Würzburg court sculptor Johann Peter Wagner .
The roof turret of the Marienkapelle bears the year 1798. In 1861 it was extended to the south as evidenced by a gable inscription ("MD Kämmerer 1861"). Today it is in the Bad Windsheim open air museum.
The Peace of Lunéville in 1801 brought about the abolition of the ecclesiastical principalities. After the death of the last Würzburg prince-bishop Georg Karl von Fechenbach , the parish Rodheim came to the diocese of Bamberg in 1808, which was affected by a sedis vacancy until 1812 during this time, which was shaped by Napoleon . The first Bamberg Apostolic Vicar responsible for Rodheim was Adam Friedrich Groß zu Trockau (until 1818), and the first Bamberg Archbishop Joseph von Stubenberg (until 1824).
As a purely Catholic village in the middle of the otherwise Protestant Uffenheim Gaus, Rodheim was relatively immune to the criminal ideology of National Socialism during the Third Reich. In 1945, however, it was severely damaged during the American advance.
On January 1, 1976, Rodheim's independent history of more than a thousand years ended with incorporation.
Rodheim was - like Welbhausen - a purely Michelsberg monastery village. To the west of the church was the large cloister courtyard, which was later divided into two parts and which had to deliver an enormous grain lease to Bamberg and to the Michelsberg grain store in Ochsenfurt. Rodheim had a fortification with a hedge and ditch as well as two gatehouses. In 1945 the place was badly damaged by American shelling. The beautiful half-timbered town hall from around 1600 also burned down at that time.
Architectural monuments
In 2010 the Marienkapelle Rodheim was transported to the open air museum Bad Windsheim, because the family who owned it at the time did not succeed in setting up an interest group or a support group to maintain it.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Certificate of February 5, 1015 = RI II, 4 n. 1859 in: Regesta Imperii Online. Retrieved February 5, 2015.