Roseneck (Frankfurt am Main)
The Roseneck was a group of half-timbered houses in Frankfurt am Main . The small square was considered a tourist attraction. It was one of the most popular postcard motifs in Frankfurt's old town . The Roseneck was destroyed in the air raids on Frankfurt in 1944. During the reconstruction from 1952 onwards, the properties and alleys of the ensemble were reshaped by a block perimeter development of simple residential and commercial buildings.
location
The so-called place on the Roseneck was a small square south of the imperial cathedral St. Bartholomäus . It was on the east side of Grosse Fischergasse , which branched off to the south between the Garkücheplatz in the east and Weckmarkt in the west. To the west of the Roseneck was the city scales , which were replaced after their demolition in 1873 by the neo-Gothic storage building of the city archives . At the southern edge of the square, the Große Fischergasse bent to the east. Here the Kleine Fischergasse branched off to the south and the street An der Schmidtstube to the southwest. Both streets ran towards the banks of the Main .
history
The Roseneck was in the area of the first Jewish residential area. After the small Jewish community of around 60 people fell victim to the pogrom of 1349 , the city council confiscated the land and gave it to new owners. The Lörhof or Curia Cerdonum was built on the square at Roseneck , a courtyard complex made up of several buildings, which could be closed by gates to the surrounding alleys. According to its name, the farm belonged to the guild of tanners who soon sold it to private individuals. Later the courtyard was divided into several small houses and condensed. In the first half of the 16th century, the council had part of the houses demolished to make room for the Frankfurt trade fair . The place on the Roseneck was created, which was now bordered by the Pforteneck houses in the north and Roseneck in the south. The east side was formed by the houses Großer and Kleiner Rosenbusch . The Pforteneck was called Ochsenkopf from the middle of the 17th century , after a sculpture on its north facade facing the cookshop.
The houses corresponded to the typical Frankfurt construction with a ground floor made of sandstone and two to three half-timbered upper floors, the overhangs of which were supported by ornate sandstone corbels . The steep gable roofs supported one or more dwelling houses with pointed gables or wave gables. The facades of the houses were originally slated or plastered. The Ochsenkopf and Rosenbusch houses were created by amalgamating several small houses under one roof, which was clearly visible on the facades.
The houses were used for gastronomy as early as the 19th century. In 1878 the Binding family acquired the Rosenbusch house and expanded their brewery there; after the Binding brewery was relocated to Darmstädter Landstrasse in 1880, the Rosenbusch became an old German pub . In 1902, Binding had the facade painted in the popular style by Karl Grätz , a pupil of Edward von Steinle . The gable picture showed two rain-donating angels with the slogan “Everything depends on God's blessing.” On the facade picture below, country people were working harvesting barley and brewing beer , next to it a large barrel was being tapped and a couple were dancing to the music of a bagpiper. There was also a brewery restaurant in the Roseneck, the Frankfurter Bürgerbrauerei , which merged with Binding in 1921.
From the beginning of the 20th century, the Roseneck developed into a tourist attraction. Along with the five-finger cookie, it was one of the most popular postcard motifs in the picturesque old town of Frankfurt. In 1895 the Freiheitsbrunnen (also called Freithofbrunnen ) was built on the place that had previously been on the chicken market . In 1922 the Roseneck was also given a painted facade. The Frankfurt painter Bertram created various scenes from the fairy tale Sleeping Beauty . In 1923, master painter Hans Schneider restored the heavily damaged paintings at Haus Rosenbusch. But only a few years later, all the murals disappeared again. In the course of the old town's rehabilitation , the houses were renovated in 1929, the half-timbering partially exposed.
After the first serious damage in an air raid on January 29, 1944, the half-timbered houses burned down completely in the attacks on March 18 and 22, 1944. After the war, the rubble was cleared from 1950. Reconstruction began in 1952, when the old properties and streets were completely changed. The alleys An der Schmidtstube and Kleine Fischergasse disappeared completely, the Große Fischergasse became the Große Fischerstraße to a parallel street between Weckmarkt and Mainkai. A three-storey perimeter block development was created along the Weckmarkt, behind which there were large green courtyards. The freedom fountain was moved to the courtyard behind the Weckmarkt 17 building . Today nothing in the cityscape reminds of the Roseneck. In addition to old photographs, films and paintings, Treuner's old town model and Jörg Ott's virtual old town model preserve the memory of the Roseneck.
literature
- Johann Georg Battonn : Local description of the city of Frankfurt am Main - Volume III. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1863, pp. 340–341 ( digitized version )
- Johann Georg Battonn: Local description of the city of Frankfurt am Main - Volume IV. Association for history and antiquity in Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main 1864, p. 9-10 ( digitized version )
- Heinrich Voelcker, The old town in Frankfurt am Main within the Hohenstaufen wall . Frankfurt am Main 1937, Moritz Diesterweg publishing house
- Georg Hartmann , Fried Lübbecke : Old Frankfurt. A legacy . Sauer and Auvermann publishing house, Glashütten 1971
- Hartwig Beseler , Niels Gutschow : War fates of German architecture - losses, damage, reconstruction . Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-529-02685-9
- Wolfgang Klötzer : A guest in old Frankfurt . Hugendubel, Munich 1990, ISBN 3-88034-493-0 , pp. 52-53
Web links
- Roseneck. altfrankfurt.com
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Steen, Historical Museum Frankfurt : The Destruction of the Roseneck. Institute for Urban History , accessed on May 22, 2019 .
Coordinates: 50 ° 6 ′ 36.7 ″ N , 8 ° 41 ′ 10.3 ″ E